Evolution Final Exam Study Guide
Solutions
Define biological evolution - ANSWER-any change in the inherited traits of a population that occurs
from one generation to the next
describe the different types of evidence that support the hypothesis that whales evolved from terrestrial
vertebrates -...
james hutton - ANSWER✔✔-realized that rocks formed through imperceptibly slow changes; observable
processes produce small changes that accumulate over time; earth must be old
william smith - ANSWER✔✔-noticed that different rock layers contain distinct fossils
george buffon - ANSWER✔✔-proposed that earth had formed according to the laws of physics over more
than 70,000 years; each species had a supply of organic particles
jean-baptiste lamarck - ANSWER✔✔-believed traits acquired in a lifetime were passed to offspring and
that simple organisms always evolved to more complex organisms
charles darwin - ANSWER✔✔-unofficial naturalist on HMS Beagle, published Origin of the Species, first
to propose a correct mechanism for how life changed over time; descent with modification, natural
selection
alfred russel wallace - ANSWER✔✔-had similar ideas to charles darwin about evolution and natural
selection;
charles lyell - ANSWER✔✔-earth's landscapes had been created by many small changes, not gigantic
catastrophes
what is the Great Chain of Being? why did scientists stop using it to categorize the natural world? -
ANSWER✔✔-origin in ancient Greek philosophy; species are arranged on a scale from lower to higher
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