HESI PN FUNDAMENTALS ACTUAL EXAM REAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATED
VERSION |ALREADY GRADED A+ (BRAND NEW!!
The nurse is assessing a client with dark skin who is in Respiratory Distress. Which
client response should the nurse evaluate to determine cyanosis in this particular client?
A. Cyanosis in a client with dark skin is seen in the sclera
B. Abnormal skin color changes in a client with dark skin cannot be determined
C. The lips and mucus membranes of a client with dark skin are dusky in color
D. Blanching the soles of the feet in a client with dark skin reveals cyanosis -
ANSWERC. The lips and mucus membranes of a client with dark skin are dusky in color
Causes of cyanosis include hypoxemia and decreased cardiac output, which provides
clues to respiratory status with changes in skin color and mucous membranes.
Cyanosis, a late sign of hypoxemia, is best observed in tissue that has superficial
capillary supply, such as mucous membranes, the conjunctiva, lips, palms, and under
the tongue, which is readily visible in dark skin
Which technique should the PN use to most accurately assess a client's baseline BP
during a routine health exam?
A. Measure the pressure in each arm while the client sits with both arms supported at
heart level
B. Calculate avg BP using readings obtained in both arms
C. Obtain BP first with client lying supine and then when standing
D. Take additional measurements for readings with a 10 mm Hg difference -
ANSWERA. Measure the pressure in each arm while the client sits with both arms
supported at heart level
BP should be taken initially in both arms while the client is seated or supine with the arm
bared, supported, and positioned at the level of the heart
,A client with gastroenteritis, nausea, and vomiting is currently on Nothing by mouth
(NPO) status. The healthcare provider prescribes oral intake to be advanced as
tolerated. Which fluid should the practical nurse offer first?
A. Tea
B. Broth
C. Water
D. Soda - ANSWERC. Water
Water or ice chips are the first choices of clear fluids for rehydration by mouth
An older client who is admitted to the hospital with dehydration and electrolyte
imbalance is confused and incontinent of urine. Which action provides the best strategy
for the practical nurse (PN) to implement for the client's incontinence?
A. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter
B. Apply absorbent incontinence pads
C. Restrict fluids after the evening meal
D. Establish a 2-hour voiding schedule - ANSWERD. Establish a 2-hour voiding
schedule
A 2 hour voiding schedule is the best strategy for urinary incontinence management b/c
it provides the client who is confused an opportunity to empty the bladder which
minimizes incontinence due to overfilling
Which intervention should the practical nurse (PN) implement to reduce the incidence of
urinary tract infections in a client with an indwelling catheter?
A. Irrigate cath with sterile distilled water
B. Dilute an antiseptic solution in the perineal wash
C. Cleanse perineal area with soap and water BID and PRN
D. Apply an antibiotic ointment around urinary meatus BID - ANSWERC. Cleanse
perineal area with soap and water BID and PRN
Daily perineal care BID and PRN should include cleansing of the meatus and catheter
junction with soap and water
A male client is upset with the healthcare provider's recommendation that he should
consent to an above-knee amputation. He tells the practical nurse (PN), if they want to
cut off my leg, they should just shoot me instead. How should the PN respond?
A. Ask the client how the surgery might effect his lifestyle
B. Offer to stay with the client wile he makes his decision
C. Express sympathy that there is no other choice possible
D. Explain how many others function well with a prosthesis - ANSWERA. Ask the client
how the surgery might effect his lifestyle
,Limb amputation alters body image and changes the client's ADLs, work, and
recreational activities, which triggers a grieving process for the client. Determining the
client's perception of the procedure's impact on his lifestyle is therapeutic and allows the
client to explore and discuss feelings
A client with cancer who has been taking opioid analgesics for two years now requires
increased doses to obtain pain relief. he client expresses fear about becoming addicted
to these drugs. What information should the practical nurse (PN) provide?
A. Opioid use with cancer does not cause addiction
B. Addiction is easily reversed if it occurs during pain management
C. Prescribed opiates for cancer pain relief improves quality of life
D. Opiate dosages can be tapered is a client fears addiction - ANSWERC. Prescribed
opiates for cancer pain relief improves quality of life
The goal of pain management for clients with cancer using opiates is to minimize pain
and improve quality of life, making pain relief rather than addiction, the primary goal
Which intervention should the practical nurse (PN) implement to help a client cope
effectively with chronic pain?
A. Administer around the clock opiate drugs
B. Give scheduled doses of benzodiazapines
C. Recommend avoiding painful activities
D. Encourage using relaxation techniques - ANSWERD. Encourage using relaxation
techniques
They can be an effective long-term strategy to help the client control tension, anxiety,
and cope with chronic pain
A young woman, who is the primary caregiver for her mother who has Alzheimer's
disease, tells the practical nurse (PN), "Sometimes I hate my mother for living this long
and my Dad for dying and not caring for her." What response should the PN offer?
A. What you do to cope with these feelings?
B. Have you told your family how you feel?
C. It's normal feel these emotions when you are stressed.
D. Don't worry, at least you can talk about your angry. - ANSWERA. What you do to
cope with these feelings?
A response that invites the client to share feelings and perceptions is the most
therapeutic communication.
A male Native American client with tuberculosis is visiting a health care clinic for follow
up treatment. During the interview, the practical nurse (PN) notices that the client keeps
, his eyes on the floor and does not make eye contact. How should the PN interpret this
client's behavior?
A. He is uncomfortable with violation of his personal space
B. The client is depressed and concerned about his diagnosis
C. His culture finds sustained eye contact rude and disrespectful
D. The client is reluctant to speak without a tribal shaman there - ANSWERC. His
culture finds sustained eye contact rude and disrespectful
Native Americans usually avoid sustained eye contact as a sign of respect
The practical nurse (PN) is caring for a client who is admitted with influenza and
vomiting for 3 days. The client's skin turgor is poor and oral mucous membranes are
dry. Which finding is most important for the practical nurse (PN) to report to the charge
nurse?
A. Weight loss of 4lbs in the last 3 days
B. Hypotension and tachycardia
C. Nausea and anorexia
D. Dark amber urine output at 30mL/hour - ANSWERB. Hypotension and tachycardia
Fluid loss from vomiting causes a shift in intravascular fluids causing dehydration,
hypotension, and tachycardia, which should be reported to the charge nurse
The practical nurse (PN) is assisting a client plan a balanced vegetarian diet that
provides the highest in protein quality. Which selection should the PN recommend to the
client?
A. Soybeans.
B. Peanuts.
C. Whole wheat.
D. Sesame seeds. - ANSWERA. Soybeans
They are the highest in protein quality and contain the most nutritive value.
The client is receiving a continuous tube feeding. While checking the gastric residual
volume, the practical nurse (PN) aspirates 150 mL of gastric contents. What action
should the PN take?
A. Rinse the feeding tube after throwing away the aspirated gastric contents and restart
the feeding
B. Replace half of the aspirated gastric contents and slow the rate of feeding
C. Throw the aspirated gastric contents away and stop the continuous feeding
D. Return all the aspirated contents to the stomach followed with water and consult
agency policy - ANSWERD. Return all the aspirated contents to the stomach followed
with water and consult agency policy
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATED
VERSION |ALREADY GRADED A+ (BRAND NEW!!
The nurse is assessing a client with dark skin who is in Respiratory Distress. Which
client response should the nurse evaluate to determine cyanosis in this particular client?
A. Cyanosis in a client with dark skin is seen in the sclera
B. Abnormal skin color changes in a client with dark skin cannot be determined
C. The lips and mucus membranes of a client with dark skin are dusky in color
D. Blanching the soles of the feet in a client with dark skin reveals cyanosis -
ANSWERC. The lips and mucus membranes of a client with dark skin are dusky in color
Causes of cyanosis include hypoxemia and decreased cardiac output, which provides
clues to respiratory status with changes in skin color and mucous membranes.
Cyanosis, a late sign of hypoxemia, is best observed in tissue that has superficial
capillary supply, such as mucous membranes, the conjunctiva, lips, palms, and under
the tongue, which is readily visible in dark skin
Which technique should the PN use to most accurately assess a client's baseline BP
during a routine health exam?
A. Measure the pressure in each arm while the client sits with both arms supported at
heart level
B. Calculate avg BP using readings obtained in both arms
C. Obtain BP first with client lying supine and then when standing
D. Take additional measurements for readings with a 10 mm Hg difference -
ANSWERA. Measure the pressure in each arm while the client sits with both arms
supported at heart level
BP should be taken initially in both arms while the client is seated or supine with the arm
bared, supported, and positioned at the level of the heart
,A client with gastroenteritis, nausea, and vomiting is currently on Nothing by mouth
(NPO) status. The healthcare provider prescribes oral intake to be advanced as
tolerated. Which fluid should the practical nurse offer first?
A. Tea
B. Broth
C. Water
D. Soda - ANSWERC. Water
Water or ice chips are the first choices of clear fluids for rehydration by mouth
An older client who is admitted to the hospital with dehydration and electrolyte
imbalance is confused and incontinent of urine. Which action provides the best strategy
for the practical nurse (PN) to implement for the client's incontinence?
A. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter
B. Apply absorbent incontinence pads
C. Restrict fluids after the evening meal
D. Establish a 2-hour voiding schedule - ANSWERD. Establish a 2-hour voiding
schedule
A 2 hour voiding schedule is the best strategy for urinary incontinence management b/c
it provides the client who is confused an opportunity to empty the bladder which
minimizes incontinence due to overfilling
Which intervention should the practical nurse (PN) implement to reduce the incidence of
urinary tract infections in a client with an indwelling catheter?
A. Irrigate cath with sterile distilled water
B. Dilute an antiseptic solution in the perineal wash
C. Cleanse perineal area with soap and water BID and PRN
D. Apply an antibiotic ointment around urinary meatus BID - ANSWERC. Cleanse
perineal area with soap and water BID and PRN
Daily perineal care BID and PRN should include cleansing of the meatus and catheter
junction with soap and water
A male client is upset with the healthcare provider's recommendation that he should
consent to an above-knee amputation. He tells the practical nurse (PN), if they want to
cut off my leg, they should just shoot me instead. How should the PN respond?
A. Ask the client how the surgery might effect his lifestyle
B. Offer to stay with the client wile he makes his decision
C. Express sympathy that there is no other choice possible
D. Explain how many others function well with a prosthesis - ANSWERA. Ask the client
how the surgery might effect his lifestyle
,Limb amputation alters body image and changes the client's ADLs, work, and
recreational activities, which triggers a grieving process for the client. Determining the
client's perception of the procedure's impact on his lifestyle is therapeutic and allows the
client to explore and discuss feelings
A client with cancer who has been taking opioid analgesics for two years now requires
increased doses to obtain pain relief. he client expresses fear about becoming addicted
to these drugs. What information should the practical nurse (PN) provide?
A. Opioid use with cancer does not cause addiction
B. Addiction is easily reversed if it occurs during pain management
C. Prescribed opiates for cancer pain relief improves quality of life
D. Opiate dosages can be tapered is a client fears addiction - ANSWERC. Prescribed
opiates for cancer pain relief improves quality of life
The goal of pain management for clients with cancer using opiates is to minimize pain
and improve quality of life, making pain relief rather than addiction, the primary goal
Which intervention should the practical nurse (PN) implement to help a client cope
effectively with chronic pain?
A. Administer around the clock opiate drugs
B. Give scheduled doses of benzodiazapines
C. Recommend avoiding painful activities
D. Encourage using relaxation techniques - ANSWERD. Encourage using relaxation
techniques
They can be an effective long-term strategy to help the client control tension, anxiety,
and cope with chronic pain
A young woman, who is the primary caregiver for her mother who has Alzheimer's
disease, tells the practical nurse (PN), "Sometimes I hate my mother for living this long
and my Dad for dying and not caring for her." What response should the PN offer?
A. What you do to cope with these feelings?
B. Have you told your family how you feel?
C. It's normal feel these emotions when you are stressed.
D. Don't worry, at least you can talk about your angry. - ANSWERA. What you do to
cope with these feelings?
A response that invites the client to share feelings and perceptions is the most
therapeutic communication.
A male Native American client with tuberculosis is visiting a health care clinic for follow
up treatment. During the interview, the practical nurse (PN) notices that the client keeps
, his eyes on the floor and does not make eye contact. How should the PN interpret this
client's behavior?
A. He is uncomfortable with violation of his personal space
B. The client is depressed and concerned about his diagnosis
C. His culture finds sustained eye contact rude and disrespectful
D. The client is reluctant to speak without a tribal shaman there - ANSWERC. His
culture finds sustained eye contact rude and disrespectful
Native Americans usually avoid sustained eye contact as a sign of respect
The practical nurse (PN) is caring for a client who is admitted with influenza and
vomiting for 3 days. The client's skin turgor is poor and oral mucous membranes are
dry. Which finding is most important for the practical nurse (PN) to report to the charge
nurse?
A. Weight loss of 4lbs in the last 3 days
B. Hypotension and tachycardia
C. Nausea and anorexia
D. Dark amber urine output at 30mL/hour - ANSWERB. Hypotension and tachycardia
Fluid loss from vomiting causes a shift in intravascular fluids causing dehydration,
hypotension, and tachycardia, which should be reported to the charge nurse
The practical nurse (PN) is assisting a client plan a balanced vegetarian diet that
provides the highest in protein quality. Which selection should the PN recommend to the
client?
A. Soybeans.
B. Peanuts.
C. Whole wheat.
D. Sesame seeds. - ANSWERA. Soybeans
They are the highest in protein quality and contain the most nutritive value.
The client is receiving a continuous tube feeding. While checking the gastric residual
volume, the practical nurse (PN) aspirates 150 mL of gastric contents. What action
should the PN take?
A. Rinse the feeding tube after throwing away the aspirated gastric contents and restart
the feeding
B. Replace half of the aspirated gastric contents and slow the rate of feeding
C. Throw the aspirated gastric contents away and stop the continuous feeding
D. Return all the aspirated contents to the stomach followed with water and consult
agency policy - ANSWERD. Return all the aspirated contents to the stomach followed
with water and consult agency policy
