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NUR 310 Final Exam with verified correct answers
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NUR 310 Final Exam with verified correctanswers
Advanced Directive - correct answer -*a written expression of a person's wishes about medical care
during terminal illness
*written instructions for use in making medical decisions if a patient is rendered incompetent or is
otherwise unable to express consent
*congress passed the Patient Self-Determination Act in 1990 to address the difficult issues many people
were having in making health care decisions, especially decisions about the determination of treatment.
-Under this act health care organizations were required to have written policies and procedures
concerning adult patients and their ability to provide informed consent and refusal of treatment.
Age of Consent - correct answer --Line of confidentiality and consent are more vague and unclear before
the age of 14 (involve parents/guardians if <14).
-An adolescents capacity for decision-making doesn't occur before 15, and some experts have said
adolescent should not take part in significant autonomous decision making before age 14
*Adolescents under the age of 18 can give consent for their own care in a broad range of circumstances
and services
-Minors who can give consent are those who are over a certain age, mature, legally emancipated,
married, in the armed forces, living apart form their parents, high school graduates, pregnant, or already
parents
*Overtime, the adolescent can take on more, if not all, of the responsibility in the decision-making
process (if level of understanding and appreciation of the content of consent increased)
Autonomy - correct answer -*Act in a self-determined manner; the ability to make independent
decisions for oneself and to have those decisions respected by others
* 1 of 4 most well-known and frequently used bioethical principles
,Beneficence - correct answer -*To do good
*1 of 4 most well-known and frequently used bioethical principles
Battery - correct answer -*A common law, an intentional unpermitted act causing harmful or offensive
contact with the "person" of another.
*Both a crime and a tort. Its essential element, harmful or offensive contact, is the same in both areas of
the law. The main distinction between the two lies in the penalty imposed. A defendant sued for a tort is
civilly liable to the plaintiff for damages. The punishment for criminal battery is a fine, imprisonment, or
both. Usually battery is prosecuted as a crime only in cases involving serious harm to victim.
Bioethics - correct answer -*A branch of ethics specifically focused on issues related to health
care/medicine
*Born out of the rapidly expanding technical environment of the 1900's
*As medical technology advanced , physicians, nurses, and other medical personnel were faced
w/greater responsibilities and stress regarding patient issues (Who lives? Who dies? and Who decides?)
-New laws and healthcare policies had to be enacted to address these questions
*Four bioethical principles: autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice
Casuistry - correct answer -*Means people make decisions inductively based on individual cases
*Today, casuistry is often method used by health care ethics committees to analyze the ethical issues
surrounding specific patient cases
-Analysis of similar cases provide guidance in ethical decision-making.
*The Four Topics Method of ethical decision-making is based on casuistry approach
, Code of Ethics for Nurses - correct answer -*ANA Code 2001
*ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses
*A Common Theme in the ANA and ICN Codes
*The ANA and ICN codes apply to all nurses regardless of their role. While no code can provide all the
answers to every situation, these codes serve as mandates for accountability in practice and establish
profession boundaries
ANA Code 2001 - correct answer -*Contains 9 nonnegotiable moral provisions with regard to nurses'
work
*Requires nurses to be attentive and loyal to each patient in their care and to be cognizant of ethical
issues and conflicts of interest that could have a negative effect on patient relationships and care
*Changes included:
-eliminating the word "client" and returning to the term "patient"
-application of ethical guidelines to nurse in all roles
-concession that research is one, but not the only method, of contributing to the development of
professional nursing
-emphasis on nurses owe the same obligation to themselves as they do to others
-recommendation that members who represent nursing associations are responsible for expressing
nursing values, maintaining profession integrity, and participating the public policy development
*Nurses in all roles are committed to their patients. The code applies to all nurses regardless of their
role.
INC Code of Ethics for Nurses - correct answer -*Four principles elements involve standars related to
nurses and people, practice, the profession, and co-workers
*Forms a framework to guide nursing conduct in practice, education, research, and leadership
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