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NURS 8022 PATHO FINAL EXAM ACTUAL EXAM
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NURS 8022 PATHO FINAL EXAM ACTUAL EXAM
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Test Bank For Essentials of Pathophysiology for Nursing Practice 1st Edition By Neal Cook, Andrea Shepherd, Jennifer Boore, Stephanie Dunleavy
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Testbank for Essentials of Pathophysiology – Exam (Already graded A) Download for best scores
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NURS 8022 PATHO FINAL EXAM ACTUAL EXAM ACTUAL EXAMCOMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED
ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS) /ALREADY GRADED A+
Anorexia - ANSWER: Lack of appetite despite physiologic stimuli that would normally
produce hunger
Anorexia symptom - ANSWER: Non-specific. Associated with nausea, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, psychologic distress
Nausea - ANSWER: Subjective experience. Sx: hypersalivation, tachycardia
Vomiting - ANSWER: Forceful emptying of stomach and intestinal contents through
mouth
Vomiting center - ANSWER: Medulla oblongata
Vomiting stimulation - ANSWER: Brain stimulation of receptors in chemoreceptor
trigger zone in 4th ventricle and vestibular center via 8th cranial nerve
(dizzyness/vertigo) leads to vomiting
*Metabolic consequence of vomiting - ANSWER: Fluid, electrolyte, acid-base balance
disturbances. Hypo: N+, K+, Cl-. Metabolic alkalosis
Retching - ANSWER: Non productive vomiting
Projectile vomiting - ANSWER: Spontaneous vomiting that does not follow nausea or
retching
Projectile vomiting caused by - ANSWER: Direct stimulation of vomiting center by
neurologic lesions, increased ICP, tumors, brain stem aneurysms (neuro problems)
Constipation - ANSWER: Infrequent or difficult stools
Normal transit (functional) constipation - ANSWER: Normal rate of stool passage, but
difficulty with stool evacuation from low-residue, low-fluid diet (need to increase
fiber and water intake)
Slow transit constipation - ANSWER: Impaired colonic motor activity with infrequent
bowel movements and straining
Pelvic floor dysfunction (pelvic floor dyssynergia or animus) constipation - ANSWER:
Failure of pelvic floor muscles or anal sphincter to relax with defecation
Secondary constipation - ANSWER: From actual disease process, condition, or meds
,Fecal impaction - ANSWER: Hard, dry, stool retained in rectum
Constipation diagnosis - ANSWER: 2 of the following for at least 3 months:
*Strain with defecation 25%
*Lumpy/hard stool at least 25%
*Sensation of incomplete emptying 25%
*Manual maneuvers to facilitate stool evac 25%
*Fewer than 3 BM/week
Diarrhea - ANSWER: Increased frequency of bowel movements. Increased volume,
fluid, weight of feces. Can be acute or chronic
Large volume diarrhea - ANSWER: Volume of feces is increased. Caused by excessive
water or secretions or both in intestines
Small volume diarrhe - ANSWER: Volume of feces not increased. Result of increased
intestinal motility
Diarrhea systemic effects - ANSWER: Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, metabolic
acidosis, weight loss
Steatorrhea - ANSWER: Fatty stool
_____ and _____ are common signs of malabsorption syndromes - ANSWER:
Steatorrhea, diarrhea
Osmotic diarrhea - ANSWER: Nonabsorbable substance in the intestine draws water
into the lumen by osmosis, causing large-volume diarrhea. Ex: lactose deficiency, Mg
Sulfate, Mg phosphate
Secretory diarrhea - ANSWER: Large volume diarrhea cause by excessive mucosal
secretion of CL- or HCO3 rich fluid. Or inhibition of net Na+ absorption. Ex: bacterial
enterotoxins - E. coli, neoplasms
Motility diarrhea - ANSWER: Excessive motility decreases transit time, mucosal
surface contact, and opportunities for fluid absorption. Ex: resection of sm intestine,
short bowel syndrome, abnormal fistulas
Diarrhea systemic manifestations -Acute bacterial or vial infection - ANSWER: Fever
with/without cramping pain
Diarrhea systemic manifestations -Inflammatory bowel disease - ANSWER: Fever,
cramping pain, bloody stool
Diarrhea systemic manifestations -Malabsorption syndromes - ANSWER: Steatorrhea
and diarrhea
, Fecal characteristics- Shape - ANSWER: Narrow or ribbon like- obstruction in lower GI
tract
Fecal characteristics- Bloody stools - ANSWER: Lower GI bleed, inflammatory bowel
disease, bacterial infection
Fecal characteristics- Black, tarry - ANSWER: Upper GI bleed, Pepto Bismol intake,
increased iron intake
Fecal characteristics- Blood with stool - ANSWER: Lower GI problem, hemorrhoids,
cancer, ruptured diverticulum
Fecal characteristics- Clay colored stool - ANSWER: Gallbladder or liver disease
(decrease in conjugated bilirubin)
Frothy, fatty (steatorrhea) stool - ANSWER: Loss of bile (which is necessary for fat
digestion)
Abdominal pain patho - ANSWER: Pain from stretching, inflammation, or ischemia
Biochemical mediators of inflammatory response in ABD pain - ANSWER: Histamine,
bradykinin, serotonin (stimulate pain nerve endings)
Parietal ABD pain (somatic pain) - ANSWER: In peritoneum. Localized, intense
Visceral ABD pain - ANSWER: In organs themselves. Poorly localized diffuse, vague
Referred pain - ANSWER: Felt in different area, usually the back. In visceral pain
intensified- share afferent nerve pathway. Due to distant inflammation, ischemia
RUQ ABD pain - ANSWER: Liver, gallbladder, bile duct
RLQ ABD pain - ANSWER: Appendix, right overy/fallopian tube
LUQ ABD - ANSWER: Stomach, gastroesophageal junction, spleen
LLQ ABD pain - ANSWER: Descending colon (diverticular site), left ovary/fallopian
tube
Bilateral posterior ABD pain - ANSWER: Kidneys/ureters, bilateral anterior ovaries
Midline posterior ABD pain - ANSWER: Aorta, upper midline posterior pancreas
Lower midline anterior ABD pain - ANSWER: Ureters, bladder
Dysphagia - ANSWER: Difficulty swallowing
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