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Pharmacology (HLTH 314) - Exam 1 with complete solutions.
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Pharmacology (HLTH 314) - Exam 1 withcomplete solutions
What are some nursing responsibilities to consider when dealing with drugs? - correct answer --
administering drugs
- assessing drug effects
- making the drug regimen more tolerable
- providing teaching
- monitoring overall care to prevent med. error
- must be knowledgeable and up-to-date about new meds
any chemical that affects the processes of a living organism. - correct answer -drug
the study or science of drugs. - correct answer -pharmacology
the drug's chemical composition and molecular structure. - correct answer -Chemical name
Name given by the United States Adopted Names Council - correct answer -Generic name
(nonproprietary name)
The drug has a registered trademark; use of the name restricted by the drug's owner (usually the
manufacturer). - correct answer -Trade name (proprietary name)
Drug evaluation - correct answer -- FDA, agency regulating development and sale of drugs. Designed to
ensure safety and reliability.
- Approx. 5 per 100,000 potential drugs end up being marketed.
- the process is preclinical trail, phase I-III studies, post market approval phase IV study. The process can
take 5 to 6 years with some exceptions.
Brand name (a) vs. Generic drug (b)
Pharmacology (HLTH 314) - Exam 1 with complete solutions
,1. active ingredient
2. price
3. insurance coverage
4. inactive ingredient
5. strength/ dosage
6. appearance/ look - correct answer -1. (a) and (b) no difference
2. (a) higher in cost and (b) lower in cost
3. (a) covered if no generic form exists and (b) normally always covered.
4. (a) tested and approved by the FDA and (b) may differ but proven to be acceptable by the FDA
5. (a) and (b) no difference
6. (a) drugs are standard in size, color, packaging, etc. and (b) packaging and the drug itself may look
different
DEA schedule - correct answer -schedule I - highest abuse potential + no acceptable use; limited use for
research purposes
schedule II - high abuse potential + accepted use with restrictions
schedule III - medium abuse potential + accepted use
schedule IV - low abuse potential + accepted use
schedule V - lowest abuse potential + accepted use
the study of what the drug does to the body. - correct answer -Pharmacodynamics
the study of what the body does to the drug. - correct answer -Pharmacokinetics
the study of how various drug forms influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activities. -
correct answer -Pharmaceutics
the use of drugs and the clinical indications for drugs to prevent and treat diseases. - correct answer -
Pharmacotherapeutics
Pharmacology (HLTH 314) - Exam 1 with complete solutions
,Pharmacodynamics
Drug actions (mechanism of action; MOA)
The cellular processes involved in the drug and cell interaction:
What are some drug effects? (1) - correct answer -- to replace or act as substitutes for missing chemicals
- to increase or stimulate cellular activities
- to depress or slow cellular activities
- to interfere with the functioning of foreign cells
(1) the physiologic reaction of the body to the drug
Pharmacokinetics:
Factors that affect absorption - correct answer -- Administration route of the drug
- Food or fluids administered with the drug
- Dosage formulation
- Status of the absorptive surface
- Rate of blood flow to the small intestine
- Acidity of the stomach
- Status of GI motility
Pharmacokinetics:
Routes - correct answer -a drug's route of administration affects the rate and extent of absorption of
that drug.
- enteral (absorbed into the systemic circulation through the oral or gastric mucosa, the small intestine,
or rectum..... oral, sublingual, buccal, rectal)
- parenteral (systemic action, but delivered by routes other than the GI tract.... intravenous,
intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, intrathecal, intraarticular)
Pharmacology (HLTH 314) - Exam 1 with complete solutions
, - topical (local)Pha
First - Pass Effect - correct answer -the metabolism of a drug and its passage from the liver into the
circulation
- oral = may be extensively metabolized by the liver before reaching the systemic circulation (high first
pass effect)
- IV = bypasses the liver, preventing the first pass effect from taking place, and more drug reaches the
circulation
First - Pass Effect:
Routes that bypass the liver: - correct answer --sublingual. -buccal
-rectal.* -intravenous
-intranasal. -transdermal
-vaginal. -intramuscular
-subcutaneous -inhalation
-rectal route undergoes higher degree of first-pass effects than the other routes listed.
Oral preparations: list ones that absorb the fastest to slowest - correct answer -1. liquids, elixirs, syrups
2. suspension solutions
3. powders
4. capsules
5. tablets
6. coated tablets
7. enteric-coated tablets
Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - correct answer -The transport of a drug in the body by the bloodstream
to its site of action
-protein binding
-water soluble vs. fat soluble
Pharmacology (HLTH 314) - Exam 1 with complete solutions
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