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Nutrition Final Exam: Renal Disease Questions And Answers 100% Pass

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©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS 10/23/2024 11:19 PM Nutrition Final Exam: Renal Disease Questions And Answers 100% Pass Functions of the kidney - answer1) Excretion of waste products ◦Metabolic waste such as urea nitrogen, creatinine, and ammonia ◦Electrolytes such as P and K+ ◦Drugs and ...

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©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/23/2024 11:19 PM


Nutrition Final Exam: Renal Disease
Questions And Answers 100% Pass


Functions of the kidney - answer✔1) Excretion of waste products

◦Metabolic waste such as urea nitrogen, creatinine, and ammonia

◦Electrolytes such as P and K+

◦Drugs and toxins

2) Salt and water regulation

3) Acid base regulation

4) Conserve water, amino acids, proteins, and glucose

5) Produce hormones (erythropoietin and prostaglandins)

6) Metabolize vitamin D to active form

7) Glucose synthesis

Which types of Renal Failure (pre-renal, renal, post-renal) are nutritionally responsive? - answer✔1)
Perfusion (pre-renal) = water responsive

2) Processing (renal) = *nutritionally responsive*

3) Discharge (post) = *±nutritionally responsive*

•Renal disease primarily affects one of four subdivisions of the kidney: - answer✔1.Blood vessels

2.Glomeruli

3.Tubules

4.Interstitium

Consequences of renal disease - answer✔1.Intravascular accumulation of metabolic wastes

2.Reduced blood pH (metabolic acidosis)

, ©BRIGHTSTARS EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/23/2024 11:19 PM

3.Alteration in plasma ion concentrations (K+, Ca++, and PO4-)

4.Hypertension

Glomerular disease - answer✔•Leakage of small molecular sized proteins (albumin / bence-jones
proteins) into glomerular filtrate

•Albumin cannot all be reabsorbed by proximal convoluted tubules

•Results in proteinuria

Tubulointerstitial disease - answer✔•complex interplay between factors in the tubular lumen, tubular
epithelial cells, peritubular capillaries, resident and infiltrating interstitial cells, extracellular matrix;

•leads to interstitial *inflammation and fibrosis*

Renal disease - answer✔Renal damage or reduction in GFR that persists for at least 3 months;



•Loss of functional renal mass → hypertrophy of remaining nephrons

•Self-perpetuating nephron loss → Azotemia, Uremia, Death

Staging of Renal Disease - answer✔Stage based on plasma creatinine;



Sub-staging based on Proteinuria and Hypertension

At what stage of renal disease does nutritional intervention start? - answer✔Stage 2;



but *use stage of renal disease as a guide to initiate therapeutic renal diet* - more severe disease
indicates more need for renal diet

Nutritional Intervention Goals - answer✔1) Meet nutrient and energy requirements;

2) Alleviate signs of uremia;

3) Minimize disturbances in Fluids, Electrolytes, Vitamins and Minerals, Acid-base balance;

4) Slow progression of disease

Nutrients of Concern in renal disease - answer✔1) Water;

2) Protein;

3) Minerals - Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium;

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