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MBG 2040 midterm with 100- correct answers 2025.

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MBG 2040 midterm with 100- correct answers 2025.

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  • October 29, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • MBG*2040
  • MBG*2040
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MBG 2040 midterm with 100%
correct answers 2025
why study genetics? - answer -genetics play a critical role in
understanding disease(cancer)
-genetics improves agriculture practices
-genetics used biotech industry for drug design, development, &
production


gene - answer a genetic factor (region of dna) that helps determine a
characteristic


what are the different forms of genes called? - answer alleles


where is genetic info carried? - answer DNA


where are genes located? - answer chromosomes


how is genetic info transferred? - answer from DNA to RNA to protein


Locus - answer specific location on a chromosome occupied by an allele


genotype - answer set of alleles possessed by an individual organism


heterozygote - answer an individual that posses 2 diff alleles at a locus


homozygous - answer an individual that posses 2 of the same allele at a
locus


phenotype - answer the appearance or manifestation of a characteristic

,who discovered the basic principles of heredity? - answer Gregor Mendel


monohybrid cross - answer A cross between individuals that involves one
pair of contrasting traits ( crossing 2 homozygous)


If an F1 plant(Rr) is back crossed to the parent with round seeds(RR) what
proportion of the progeny will have wrinkled seeds(rr) - answer None
(draw punnet square)


dihybrid crosses - answer contains 2 individuals with 2 genes with 2
different alleles ie GGWW x ggww


what is the approx ratio of dihybrid cross - answer 9:3:3:1


pedigree symbols - answer Squares are male. Circles are females. Shaded
means you have disease.


what do recessive mutations often result in? - answer loss of gene
function


what are Null/amorphic alleles? - answer - a non functional protein is
produced OR
-no protein is produced


what are hypomorphic alleles? - answer A poorly functioning protein is
produced OR reduced amounts of a normally functioning protein is
produced


how are autosomal dominant traits displayed? - answer bb normal
Bb affected heterozygote
BB affected homozygote
eg Huntington disease

, what do dominant mutations often result in? - answer gain/change of
gene function


dominant hypermorphic alleles - answer (1) Negative phenotypic
consequences due to the over-production of a normal protein OR
(2) negative phenotypic consequences due to the production of a protein
with increased activity levels.


neomorphic alleles (dominant-negative allele) - answer negative
phenotypic consequences due to the presence of an altered protein that
has a new function or when the altered protein interferes w/the wildtype
protein


If the trait is rare and dominant, then affected individuals are usually... -
answer heterozygous


complete dominance and complete excessiveness - answer -extremes of
a range
phenotype BB=Bb different from bb


incomplete dominance - answer BB, Bb, and bb all differ phenotypically:
Bb is intermediate between phenotypes
ie flower color (red, pink, white)


Codominance - answer BB, Bb and bb all differ phenotypically, but Bb
exhibits phenotypes of both homozygotes
ie blood type


what is an allelic series/ dominance series - answer describes the
dominance hierarchy of multiple alleles
ie determining cats fur color uses this


what is a null allele - answer nonfunctional

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