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Autism Spectrum Disorder Exam Questions with Complete Answers
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Autism Spectrum Disorder Exam Questions with Complete Answers
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Autism Spectrum Disorder ExamQuestions with Complete Answers
Stats on ASD - Answer--10% inc in dx from 2014 - better dx capability
-4x more common in boys
-Earliest age of dx is 18mo, but research is trying to get it earlier - earlier has better
outcomes
-1/3 of kids with ASD also have intellectual disability
"Spectrum" - Answer--It's an umbrella term for kids with a wide variation in sx
-Used to differentiate Asberger's Disease, now it's all under the spectrum
General Diagnostic Criteria per DSM5 - Answer-1. Impairment in social communication
and interaction
2. Restrictive interests and repetitive patterns of behavior
-Must also have ADLs impacted by impairments and everyday func impaired too
Social Communication Domain - Answer--Have issues in all 3 subgroups:
1. Lack social-emotional reciprocity
2. Deficits in non-verbal communication behaviors used for social interaction
3. Impaired ability to develop and maintain relationships appropriate to developmental
level
Restricted Interests and Repetitive Behaviors Domain - Answer--Must have at least one
of these, but they're "or's", not "ands"
1. Repetitive speech, motor movements, use of objects
2. Adherence to routines, set patterns of nonverbal and verbal behavior, excessive
resistance to change
3. Restricted interests, abnormal fixation or focus
4. Excessive reactivity to sensory input
Specifiers: above Autism, does child also have... - Answer-1. Intellectual impairment -
assess with IQ or other tests
2. Language impairment - expressive or receptive
3. Genetic, medical syndromes or enviro factors
4. Neurodevelopmental or psychiatric or behavioral disorders - OCD, anxiety etc
5. Catatonia
Social Communication (Pragmatic) Disorder - Answer--If primary impairments in social
communication domain don't have impairments of the restricted, repetitive behavior
domain
-In this case, it's "just" a pragmatic disorder, which is more mild
, Functional Levels of Autism - Answer-1. ASD Level 1 - requiring support
2. ASD Level 2 - Requiring substantial support
3. ASD Level 3 - Requiring very substantial support
ASD Level 1 - Answer--Requiring support
-Difficulty initiating social interactions
-Organization and planning probs hamper independence
-Good when asked to respond to things, but initiating conversation or play is issue
ASD Level 2 - Answer--Requiring substantial support
-Social interactions limited due to narrow special interests
-Freq restricted/ repetitive behaviors
-Trouble with both initiating and responding to interactions with others: need prompts
ASD Level 3 - Answer--Requiring very substantial support
-Severe deficits in verbal and nonverbal social communication skills
-Great distress/ difficulty changing actions or focus
-Need constant 1 on 1 support to function in daily life
Difference in DSM4 - Answer--Had diff conditions within the spectrum, like Asbergers,
Autistic Disorder and Pervasive Developmental Disorder
-DSM5 has unified them all under Autism Spectrum Disorder
Etiology of ASD - Answer--No known cause
-Combo of genetic and enviro
-Genetic - siblings more likely to be dx with autism
-That means there's envro factors, although one single one hasn't been ID'd
Genetic Disorders Associated to ASD - Answer--Fragile X
-Tuberous Sclerosis
-Down Syndrome
-Angelman
Brain Pathology of ASD - Answer--Early Overgrowth of brain - larger than age-matched
TD kids
-Early degen - after early overgrowth, neuron loss and white matter degen begin early
-Connectivity Hypothesis
Connectivity Hypothesis - Answer--There is long-distance under-connectivity
-Short distance over-connectivity
-Funcs requiring long-distance like visuomotor or lang are an issue
Effected Areas of the Brain - Answer--Cortex (frontal and temporal) - planning,
executive func, social communication
-Amygdala - emotional processing
-Hippocampus - mem and learning
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