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Autism Spectrum Disorder Quiz Questions and Answers
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Autism Spectrum Disorder Quiz Questions and Answers
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Autism Spectrum Disorder QuizQuestions and Answers
ESSAY:
Theoretical Models (pp. 282-top of 284) - Answer-Functional/Behavioral Model - Taker
& Fleshberg et al. in 2009
Primary emphasis on improving a child's effectiveness as a communicator.
Does not follow any developmental sequence and is not limited to verbal speech. Target
behaviors are based on individual need/skill as well as instructional/family priorities.
For children with mild to no cognitive impairment.
Developmental Model - Lovasz, Cockle, Simmons, & Long in 1973
Focuses on spoken language skills and moves away from terminology related to
"functional speech and language."
It uses benchmark criteria based on typical language development as a rubric for
language intervention programming.
The hierarchy progresses from meaningful gestures/vocalizations, to single words, to
phrase/sentences, and culminates with complex language forms.
For children with more severe cognitive compromises.
**They can be used together (hybrid), not mutually exclusive**
MC/TF
Treatment Approaches 282-288 - Answer-(pp. 284-288) --make sure you know the
acronyms for the approaches
Applied behavior analysis (ABA)
Discrete trial training (DTT)
pivotal response teaching PRT
reciprocal imitation therapy RIT
DIR/floortime (developmental, individual difference, relationship-based)
functional communication training FCT
picture exchange communication system PECS
relationship development intervention RDI
social communication, emotional regulation, and transactional support (SCERTS)
social stories
treatment and education of autistic and communication-related handicapped children
(TEACCH)
video modeling
ABA - Answer-(Applied behavior analysis): class of interventions applying behavioral
science principles to address behavior problems and learning
based on Skinner's behavioral principles of operant conditioning
stimulus or antecedent event presented to elicit target response, immediately followed
by consequent event (reward or punishment)
DTT - Answer-Discrete trial training
, Form of ABA
based on the learning principle that if a behavior is rewarded, its' more likely to be
repeated.
AKA "Lovaas method"
clinician presents stimulus with correct response. following each correct response, child
rewarded with consequent events (praise, food, etc.). incorrect responses are ignored.
used to establish clear expected behavior and provide immediate feedback about
accuracy of response
PRT - Answer-pivotal response teaching
form of ABA
uses naturalistic procedures focusing primarily on two "pivotal" areas: motivation to
learn and initiation of activities. designed to increase child's motivation to participate in
learning new skills.
target behaviors selected based on developmental level and can include social,
adaptive, and language-learning skills.
intent is to increase and generalize skills in language, play, and social interaction in a
child-directed format.
RIT - Answer-reciprocal imitation therapy
form of ABA
variation of PRT
teaches play skills.
aimed to teach spontaneous, reciprocal imitation skills to young kids with autism.
clinician imitates actions and/or vocalizations of child in obvious manner, then child is
rewarded for any subsequent attempted imitatie behavior.
assistance through prompting, modeling, and physical guidance.
Which interventions are forms of ABA? - Answer-DTT
PRT
RIT (variation of PRT)
ABA
DIR/floortime - Answer-Developmental, individual difference, relationship-based
identifies 6 developmental milestones for healthy emotional and intellectual growth:
1. attending
2. relating
3. purposeful communication
4. problem-solving interactions
5. using ideas creatively
6. using ideas logically
emphasizes identification of child's individual differences in the way they process
sounds, sights, sensations, and movements.
focuses on how parent, caregivers, therapists, and educators can tailor their
interactions/relationships with the child to provide maximal opportunities to achieve
them
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