NSG 532 Unit 1 Exam Test Questions and Answers Graded A 2024
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NSG 532 Unit 1
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NSG 532 Unit 1
4 Part Definition of Physiology -Answer- Study of bodily functions in a healthy organism
Intermolecular interactions and communications w/in an organism and with its internal/external environment
Mutual relationships between an organism and its microbiome
Homeostatic processes
Is physio...
NSG 532 Unit 1 Exam Test Questions
and Answers Graded A 2024
4 Part Definition of Physiology -Answer- ✔Study of bodily functions in a healthy
organism
Intermolecular interactions and communications w/in an organism and with its
internal/external environment
Mutual relationships between an organism and its microbiome
Homeostatic processes
Is physiology focused more on organic compounds or inorganic compounds? -Answer-
✔Organic
Homeostasis definition -Answer- ✔Variables are regulated so that internal conditions
(including microbiome composition and diversity) remain stable and relatively constant
What 3 characteristics do all living beings share? -Answer- ✔A source of life information
(DNA/RNA)
Cellular organelles to process info into structural and functional proteins
Cellular organelles to generate energy
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype? -Answer- ✔Genotype - the
actual information printed in the DNA
Phenotype - how the information is physically expressed
Diversity begins with the variations among genotype information
What is the beginning of the life energy process? -Answer- ✔The sun provides solar
energy
What do plants do with inorganic compounds CO2, H2O, and sunlight? -Answer-
✔Combine to produce organic compounds and oxygen using photosynthesis
What is the byproduct of the use of oxygen to breakdown organic compounds? -
Answer- ✔ATP - aerobic respiration
NSG 532 Unit 1
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What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs? -Answer- ✔Autotrophs
can convert inorganic compounds into organic compounds - only plants able to do this
Heterotrophs must consume organic compounds such as plants or animals that eat
plants to create ATP
What are the four most important biomolecules? -Answer- ✔DNA
RNA
Proteins
ATP
Of DNA, RNA, Proteins, and ATP which are information and which are energy? -
Answer- ✔DNA, RNA, Proteins - Information
ATP - Energy
What is the difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration?
Which is more common in humans? -Answer- ✔Aerobic - w/the use of oxygen
Anaerobic - w/o the use of oxygen
99% of human energy production is aerobic
How many ATP does the process of glycolysis create? -Answer- ✔2 ATP molecules
What organelle does the krebs cycle take place in? -Answer- ✔Mitochondria
How many ATP does the Krebs cycle produce? -Answer- ✔2 ATP
How many ATP does the Electron Transport Chain produce? -Answer- ✔34 ATP
How many ATP total are produced with the breakdown of organic compounds in aerobic
cellular respiration? -Answer- ✔38 ATP
What element is needed for the electron transport chain to work properly? -Answer-
✔Oxygen
What purpose does oxygen serve in aerobic cellular respiration? -Answer- ✔Oxygen
increases the efficiency of ATP production
How many ATP does anaerobic cellular respiration create? What are other byproducts?
-Answer- ✔2 ATP
Byproducts are 2 molecules of lactate
NSG 532 Unit 1
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What type of cells use lactic acid fermentation anaerobic respiration? -Answer- ✔Some
bacteria, liver cells, muscle cells
What are two types of anaerobic cellular respiration? -Answer- ✔Lactic Acid
Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
What type of organisms use alcoholic fermentation? -Answer- ✔Yeast and some
bacteria
Explain the name behind Adenosine Triphosphate -Answer- ✔Adenine + Ribose =
Adenosine
3 Phosphate = Triphosphate
Moving from ATP to ADP to AMP is creating or using energy? -Answer- ✔Using energy
Moving from AMP to ADP to ATP is creating or using energy? -Answer- ✔Creating
energy
What is the difference between dephosphorylation and phosphorylation?
Which uses energy and which stores energy? -Answer- ✔Dephosphorylation is the
removal of a phosphate group from a molecule of ATP. This is using energy.
Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group from a molecule of ATP. This is
storage/creation of energy.
What does the free phosphate created by dephosphorylation do? -Answer- ✔Activates
inactive molecules elsewhere
Which enzyme is responsible for phosyphorylation? -Answer- ✔ATP Synthase
Which enzyme is responsible for dephosphorylation? -Answer- ✔ATPase
What is NAD? -Answer- ✔Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
An electron carrier
What is NAD important for? -Answer- ✔Carries hydrogen to create energy.
Called NADH when carrying hydrogen
What is FAD? -Answer- ✔Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
An electron carrier
NSG 532 Unit 1
, NSG 532 Unit 1
What is FAD important for? -Answer- ✔Carrying hydrogen for energy creation
Called FADH when carrying hydrogen
What vitamin is important for the creation of FAD and NAD? -Answer- ✔Vitamin B
What occurs in the outer membrane of the mitochondria? -Answer- ✔Transport
What occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria? -Answer- ✔Electron Transport
Chain and ATP Synthase
What occurs in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria? -Answer- ✔H+ gradients
What occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria? -Answer- ✔Krebs cycle
What type of "machine" is the mitochondria in cells? -Answer- ✔An ATP generating
machine
How does the H+ gradient work? -Answer- ✔Creates a high concentration of hydrogen
ions in the intermembrane space.
The high gradient of ions drives H+ back through the ATP synthase found in the inner
membrane.
ATP synthase becomes activated and synthesizes ATP from ADP
Define an Exergonic reaction -Answer- ✔Any reaction that produces ATP
In an exergonic reaction will the stored ATP level be higher in the reactants or the
products? -Answer- ✔The reactants --stored ATP.
What are four common exergonic reactions? -Answer- ✔Carbohydrates into glucose
Proteins into amino acids
Lipids into fatty acids
Nucleic acids into nucleotides
What are the reactants called in exergonic reactions? -Answer- ✔Bio-Polymers
What are the products called in exergonic reactions? -Answer- ✔Bio-Monomers
What is an endergonic reaction? -Answer- ✔A reaction that utilizes/consumes ATP
Is the level of stored ATP higher in the reactants or products of an endergonic reaction?
-Answer- ✔The products
NSG 532 Unit 1
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