antibiotic basics - combinations - answer✔additive: effect is sum of the 2 antibiotics
potentiative: one potentiates effects of the other
antagonist: if one bactericidal & one bacteriostatic, desired effect is diminished
antibiotic basics - narrow spectrum - answer✔primarily effective against one type
ex: penicillin, erthrymycin
antibiotic basics - broad spectrum - answer✔effective against gram + or gram -
ex: tetracyclines, cephalosporins
antibiotic basics - antibiotic resistance - answer✔overprescribing, not taking full course
antibiotic resistance - natural or inherent resistance - answer✔occurs without previous exposure
to antibacterial drug
antibiotic resistance - acquired resistance - answer✔caused by prior exposure to antibacterial (ex:
MRSA resistant to all PCN & most cephalosporins)
antibiotic resistance - cross resistance - answer✔when antibiotics have similar actions (PCN &
cephalosporins)
antibiotic resistance - community associated infection - answer✔acquired by a person who hasn't
been hospitalized recently (1 year)
antibiotic resistance - health care associated infection - answer✔acquired while patient is at
clinic or hospital, many are due to drug resistant bacteria
1 of top 10 leading COD in the US
general antibiotics side effects - answer✔allergy or hypersensitivity, superinfection (thrush or
CDAD), organ toxicity, GI distress, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
sulfonamides - drug interactions - answer✔-increases anticoagulant effect with warfarin
-increases hypoglycemic effect with oral hypoglycemic drugs
-increases potassium with ACEI & potassium sparing diuretics
-increases digoxin levels
-decreases effect of oral contraceptives
penicillinase resistance penicillins - answer✔beta-lactamase inhibitors added to prevent
inactivation of penicillin
(beta lactamase is never given alone)
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