Exam (elaborations)
ECPI A&P II EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
ECPI A&P II EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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ECPI A&P II EXAM QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS
The only type of connective tissue that has a liquid matrix - Answer-blood
where do blood cells from - Answer-red bone marrow
plasma - Answer-•Clear, straw-colored fluid matrix of blood
•About 55% of blood volume
•Found in top of centrifuge tube
red blood cells - Answer-•35 to 46% in females, 40 to 54% in males
•Found in bottom of centrifuge tube
•Percentage of RBCs is called the Hematocrit (HCT)
white blood cells - Answer-•Make up <1% of blood volume
•Found in "buffy coat" in middle of centrifuge tube
granulocytes - Answer-have granular cytoplasm.
•Neutrophils
•Eosinophils
•Basophils
Arganulocytes - Answer-do not have noticeable granules.
•Lymphocytes
•Monocytes
neutrophils - Answer-•Granulocytes with small, light purple granules in acid-base stain
•Lobed nucleus; 2 to 5 sections
•Also called Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes (P M Ns)
•First to arrive at infection site
•Strong phagocytes
•54% to 70% of leukocytes; elevated in bacterial infections
Eosinophils - Answer-•Granulocytes with coarse granules that stain deep red in acid
stain
•Bilobed nucleus
•Moderate allergic reactions
•Defend against parasitic worm infestations
•1% to 3% of leukocytes
•Elevated in parasitic worm infestations and allergic reactions
basophils - Answer-•Granulocytes with large granules that stain deep blue in basic stain
•Granules can obscure view of nucleus
, •Release histamine to stimulate inflammation
•Release heparin to stop blood from clotting
•Less than 1% of leukocytes
Similar to eosinophils in size and shape of nuclei
monocytes - Answer-•Largest of the WBCs
•Spherical, kidney-shaped, oval, or lobed nuclei
•Agranulocytes
•Leave bloodstream to become macrophages
•3% to 9% of leukocytes
•Live for weeks to months
•Phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, debris
lymphocytes - Answer-•Slightly larger than R B C s; smallest W B C s
•Large spherical nucleus surrounded by thin rim of cytoplasm
•Agranulocytes
•T cells and B cells are major types; both important in immunity
•T cells directly attack pathogens, tumor cells
•B cells produce antibodies
•25% to 33% of leukocytes
•May live for years
hemostasis - Answer-stoppage of bleeding
thrombus - Answer-An abnormal blood clot that forms in a blood vessel
universal donor - Answer-Type O negative
universal recipient - Answer-AB positive
epicardium - Answer-outer layer of the heart
Myocardium - Answer-muscular, middle layer of the heart
endocardium - Answer-inner lining of the heart
atria - Answer-Thin-walled upper chambers; receive blood returning to heart
auricles - Answer-Flap-like projections from atria, which allow atrial expansion
ventricles - Answer-Thick-walled lower chambers; pump blood into arteries
right atrium - Answer-Receives deoxygenated blood from the body
right ventricle - Answer-pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
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