Exam (elaborations)
ECPI ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY 1 + LAB EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
ECPI ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY 1 + LAB EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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ECPI ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY 1 + LABEXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Origins of Medical science - Answer-1.) Started with superstition and magic
2.) Originated in Greek & Latin terminology
Scientific Method - Answer-"Investigating the Natural World"
Testing a Hypothesis = - Answer-1.) Rejecting or Accepting the hypothesis
2.) Based on results of experiment and observations
Anatomy + Physiology = ? - Answer-How the body maintains life
Anatomy - Answer-"cutting up"
1. structures of the body
2. Forms/ organization
Physiology - Answer-"relationship to nature"
1. functions of the body
2. What do they do and how?
Gene Expression Profiling - Answer-Reveals commonalities among pairs of diseases
that had not been suspected based on whole-body-level observations
Chemical Organization - Answer-1.Atoms
2. Molecules
Subatomic Particles - Answer-Make up atoms
Molecules - Answer-Where atoms join together
Macromolecules - Answer-Small molecules join together to make larger molecules
Human Organism Organization smallest-largest - Answer-1. Subatomc particles
2. atoms
3. molecules
4. macromolecules
5. organelles
6. cells
7. tissues
8. organs
9. organ systems
10. organisms
,Cells - Answer-basic unit
Organelles - Answer-carry on specific activities
e. proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
tissues - Answer-layers/masses of cells with special functions
Organs - Answer-groups of tissues with specific functions
organs systems - Answer-groups of organs that function close together
organisms - Answer-interacting organ systems
Internal environment - Answer-environment within the body in which the cells live
Cell membrane - Answer-interior and exterior cell membranes
Interior cell membrane - Answer-intracellular fluid
exterior cell membrane - Answer-extracellular fluid
homeostasis - Answer-the maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment
Interdependency of cells - Answer--cells depend on one another
-if some cells arent able to function, other cells and the entire organism may suffer
-structure and function are interrelated
Gradients & Permeability - Answer-down a gradient (High to Low)
high pressure to low pressure
high concentration to low concentration
Diffusion - Answer-high concentration to low concentration (concentration gradient)
membrane permeability - Answer-what is allowed in to the membrane or not
Permeant - Answer-substance can pass through
Cellular differentiation - Answer-cells become specialized
-different cell types (muscle/nerve) access information encoded in different genes to
make specific proteins
-proteins that cells make determine the function
Cell membrane mechanisms - Answer--determines which substances enter a cell and
which cannot
-allow cells to respond to certain signals
, Cell to cell communication - Answer-membrane receptors / feedback loops
Feedback loops - Answer--negative or positive
-cells signal each other when the internal environment has been compromised so
adjustments can be made to keep homeostasis
-when adjustments have been made, they also signal to show the adjustments are no
longer needed.
Homeostatic Mechanisms = - Answer-feedback loops
-receptors
-control center
-effectors
Balance within the body - Answer-must replace substances that are lost and eliminate
substances that are no longer needed or in excess
Energy processes - Answer--everything in the body requires energy
-heat energy (cells kept chemically active)
-energy released from chemical reactions in a form that cells can use.
Characteristics of life - Answer--movement
-responsiveness
-growth
-reproduction
-respiration
-digestion
-absorption
-circulation
-assimilation
-excretion
Metabolism - Answer-collection of chemical reactions in cells that support life
-reproduction (digesting/ingesting/absorbing)
-respiration for growth and repair
Requirements of organisms - Answer--water
-food
-oxygen
-heat
-pressure
Homeostasis - Answer-the body's ability to keep its internal conditions stable
-all cells make a contribution
-internal environment stays relatively constant
requires most of our metabolic energy
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