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Psych 230 EXAM-Questions with Correct Answers/ Verified
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Psych 230 EXAM-Questions with Correct Answers/ Verified
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Psych 230 EXAM-Questions with Correct Answers/ VerifiedThree Components of a Psychological Disorder - ✔✔1. Psychological Dysfunction (cognition,
emotion, behavior)
2. Impairment (problem with daily life, context of background and culture)
3. Personal distress
Examples of "mental disorders" that were stigmatized deviations from cultural norms - ✔✔-
homosexuality
- social undesirables
- racist ideas
Abnormal behavior - ✔✔a psychological dysfunction associated with distress or impairment
in functioning that is not typical or culturally expected
DSM - ✔✔Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Scientist practitioner model - ✔✔A model of training of professional psychologists that
emphasizes the development of both research and clinical skills.
Symptoms vs sign - ✔✔Symptoms are a subjective experience of an individual while a sign is
an observation by a professional
Diagnosis - ✔✔Identification of the presence of a disorder based on signs and symptoms
Disorder - ✔✔A disruption to regular physical or mental function
Disease - ✔✔Pathophysiological response to internal or external factors
Comorbidity - ✔✔Occurrence of two or more disorders in one individual
,Onset - ✔✔How a disorder starts
Course - ✔✔Pattern of disorder
Prognosis - ✔✔Likely course of the disorder
Prevalence - ✔✔Number of active cases in a population during a given period of time
Incidence - ✔✔Number of new cases in a population over a given period of time
Three dominant traditions that explained abnormal behavior - ✔✔1. Supernatural
2. Biological
3. Psychological
Supernatural tradition - ✔✔Deviant behavior as a battle of good vs evil (demonic
possession, witchcraft)
Biological tradition - ✔✔Psychological symptoms as a result of physical things
Treatment: surgery, electric shock, tranquilizers
Psychological Tradition - ✔✔Explanation of human behavior and its dysfunction that
emphasizes the influence of the social environment and early experience.
Freuds structure of the mind - ✔✔1. Id - illogical, emotional, pleasure
2. Ego - logical, reality
3. Superego - conscience, moral
Freuds psychoanalytic theory - ✔✔Egos attempt to manage anxiety resulting from
Id/superego conflict
, Neuroses - ✔✔Unresolved conflicts, anxiety, defense mechanisms
Maslow Need Hierarchy - ✔✔A conception of human needs organizing needs into a
hierarchy of five major types. Physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem and self
actualization
Carl rogers - ✔✔Developed person centered therapy in which therapist is completely
accepting of clients feelings and actions within reason
classical conditioning - ✔✔a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli
and anticipate events
operant conditioning - ✔✔a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed
by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
positive reinforcement - ✔✔Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as
food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response,
strengthens the response.
negative reinforcement - ✔✔Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli,
such as shock. A negative reinforcer is any stimulus that, when removed after a response,
strengthens the response. (Note: negative reinforcement is not punishment.)
positive punishment - ✔✔the administration of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a
behavior's recurring
negative punishment - ✔✔the removal of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a
behavior's recurring
unconditioned stimulus - ✔✔in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally—
naturally and automatically—triggers a response.
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