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Biostatistics Final Exam Review updated already passed

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  • Biostatistics
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  • Biostatistics

Biostatistics Final Exam Review updated already passed

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  • October 29, 2024
  • 5
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • Biostatistics
  • Biostatistics
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BukayoSaka120
Biostatistics Final Exam Review updated
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What are the two principles of random sampling? - correct answer ✔✔Equal chance and independence



What are the three ways to reduce bias in a study? - correct answer ✔✔Control group, randomization,
blinding



What are the three ways to reduce sampling error? - correct answer ✔✔Replication, balancing, blocking



What is blocking/stratification? - correct answer ✔✔Grouping subjects by one shared property and then
randomizing within each group what subject gets what treatment



Sensitivity - correct answer ✔✔Chances that you test positive given that you have the disease



Specificity - correct answer ✔✔Chances that you test negative given that you don't have the disease



PPV - correct answer ✔✔Chances that you have the disease given that you tested positive



NPV - correct answer ✔✔Chances that you do not have the disease given that you tested negative



What measure of spread do you report along with the mean? - correct answer ✔✔Standard deviation



What measure of spread do you report along with the median? - correct answer ✔✔Interquartile range
(IQR)



When would you report the median instead of the mean? - correct answer ✔✔When there are outliers
or a skew in the distribution

, What is a Type I error? - correct answer ✔✔When you reject the null but the null is actually true



What is a Type II error? - correct answer ✔✔When you fail to reject the null but the null is actually false



What is the probability of a Type I error? - correct answer ✔✔Probability equals the significance level,
"alpha"



What is the probability of a Type II error? - correct answer ✔✔Probability represented by "beta"



What is power? - correct answer ✔✔Power is the probability that the null will be correctly rejected (also
1 - "beta")



Why do you not want to use non-parametric tests unless you have to? - correct answer ✔✔Non-
parametric tests have a high value for beta, and therefore low power, so you are less likely to see
significance



What are the assumptions for a paired design 2-sample t-test? - correct answer ✔✔Random sample and
that the differences between measurements are distributed normally



What are the hypotheses for a paired design 2-sample t-test? - correct answer ✔✔Null: average
difference between treatments is 0

Alternative: average difference between treatments is NOT 0



What are the assumptions for an independent 2-sample t-test? - correct answer ✔✔Both are random
samples, variable of interst is normally distributed in both, and that each has the same variance



What are the hypotheses for an independent 2-sample t-test? - correct answer ✔✔Null: mean of pop. 1
equals the mean of pop. 2

Alternative: mean of pop. 1 does NOT equal mean of pop. 2



How do you check for equal variances to fit all assumptions for independent 2-sample t-test? - correct
answer ✔✔Use an F test

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