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study guide ivy tech APHY 101 final test with definitive solutions. what are the steps of fracture repair? - Answer 1. Hematoma formation- blood vessels, tissues in broken bone are torn resulting in a Hematoma mass of clotted cells. Bone cells with no

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study guide ivy tech APHY 101
final test with definitive
solutions.
what are the steps of fracture repair? - Answer 1. Hematoma formation- blood
vessels, tissues in broken bone are torn resulting in a

Hematoma mass of clotted cells. Bone cells with no nutrition will die and area will
become irritated.

2. Fibrocartilaginous callus formation- phagocytic cells invade the area and begin
cleaning up the debris.

,3. Bone callus formation- about 1 week into repair, new bone begins to repair.
This is called a bony callus. This continues for about 3 months.

4. Bone remodeling- excess material removed, shaft was reconstructed.

how are bones classified? - Answer by shape

what are the shapes of bones? - Answer long, short, flat, irregular

example of long bone - Answer femur

example of short bones are - Answer carpals and tarsals in the ankle and wrist

examples of flat bones - Answer ribs, scapulae, and some bones of the skull

examples of irregular bones - Answer facial bones, vertebrae

What is articular cartilage? - Answer hyaline cartilage covering articular ends of
the bones

,What is a joint capsule? - Answer tissue that stops synovial fluid from escaping
and encloses and supports and holds the bones together.

what is a ligament? - Answer Connects bone to bone and reinforce the joint
capsule.

What is the synovial membrane? - Answer inner layer of the joint capsule, covers
all of the surface within the joint capsule.

What is synovial fluid? - Answer Lubricates and nourishes the cartilage covering
the bones at movable joints and contains macrophages the remove microbes and
debris from the joint cavity.

what is the menisci? - Answer cushion the articulating surfaces and help
distribute body weight onto these surfaces

what is the bursae? - Answer fluid-filled sac that acts as a ball bearing to reduce
friction

what are the six different types of synovial joints? - Answer 1. Ball-and-socket
joints

, 2. condylar/ellipsodial joint

3. plane/gliding joint

4. hinge joint

5. pivot/trochoid joint

6. saddle/sellar joint

define flexion - Answer bending a joint

define extension - Answer Straightening a body part

define hyper extension - Answer increasing the angle beyond 180 degrees
between the bones of a joint (a back bend)

define dorsiflexion - Answer movement at the ankle that moves the anterior
portion of the foot closer from the shin (rocking back on your heels)

define plantar flexion - Answer movement at the ankle that moves the anterior
portion of the foot father from the shin (walking on your toes)

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Exam (elaborations)

study guide ivy tech APHY 101 final test with definitive solutions. what are the steps of fracture repair? - Answer 1. Hematoma formation- blood vessels, tissues in broken bone are torn resulting in a Hematoma mass of clotted cells. Bone cells with no

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