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NSC 410 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED 2024 [ 25
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NSC 410 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED 2024 [ 25
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NSC 410 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS UPDATED 2024 [ 25
Explain,the,scientific,method,and,how,this,relates,to,developing,and,testing,hypotheses,and,theories,in,nu
trition,,ANS,-,,Scientific,Method,is,a,method,of,procedure,
1.,Observation,and,Question:,Identify,a,problem,to,be,solved,or,ask,a,question,to,be,answered
2.,Hypothesis,and,Prediction:,Form,a,hypothesis,(tentative,solution,to,the,problem,or,answer,the,questio
n),and,make,a,prediction,to,test
3.,Experiment:,Design,a,study,and,conduct,research,to,collect,data
4.,Results,and,Interpretations:,Summarize,,analyze,and,interpret,data
5.,Hypothesis,Supported,-->,Theory:,develop,a,theory,that,integrates,conclusions
6.,Hypothesis,NOT,Supported,-->,New,observations,and,questions
Discuss,the,basic,types,of,experiments/study,designs,used,in,nutrition,research,,ANS,-
,,EPIDEMIOLOGICAL,STUDIES:,research,the,incidence,,distribution,and,control,of,disease,in,a,population
1.,Cross-Sectional:
Researchers,observe,how,much,and,what,kinds,f,foods,a,group,of,people,eat,and,how,healthy,those,peopl
e,are
2.,Case-Control,Studies:
Researchers,compare,people,who,do/do,not,have,a,given,condition,,closely,matching,them,in,age,,gender
,and,other,key,variables,so,differences,in,other,factors,will,stand,out,
3.,Cohort,Studies:,
Researchers,analyze,data,collected,from,a,selected,group,of,people,at,intervals,over,a,certain,period,of,ti
me
EXPERIMENTAL,STUDIES:,test,cause-and-effect,relationships,between,variables
1.,Lab-based,Animal,Studies:
Researchers,feed,animals,special,diets,that,provide,or,omit,specific,nutrients,and,then,observe,any,chang
es,in,health,-->,test,possible,disease,causes,
2.,Lab-based,In,Vitro,Studies:
Researchers,examine,the,effects,of,a,specific,variable,on,a,tissue,,cell,or,molecule,isolated,from,a,living,or
ganism
, 3.,Human,Intervention,(Clinical),Trials:
Researchers,ask,people,to,adopt,a,new,behavior,--
>,help,determine,the,effectiveness,of,such,interventions,on,disease
Compare,and,contrast,causation,and,correlation,related,to,scientific,research,findings,,ANS,-
,,Correlation,DOES,NOT,MEAN,Causation.
COMPARE:
-Both,shows,evidence,that,variables,are,associated
-Both,need,variables,that,can,observed,,measured,or,verified
CONTRAST:
-Correlation,is,an,observation
-Causation,is,found,through,analyzation,of,results,through,experiments
Distinguish,between,statistical,significance,and,practical,significance,and,discuss,biological,plausibility,rel
ated,to,research,findings,,ANS,-,,Statistical,Significance:
Refers,to,whether,the,observed,effect,is,larger,than,we,would,expect,by,chance,,i.e.,can,we,reject,the,null,
hypothesis,that,there,is,no,effect
Practical,Significance:,
Whether,we,should,care/whether,the,effect,is,useful,in,an,applied,context.,An,effect,could,be,statistically,
significant,,but,that,doesn't,in,itself,mean,that,it's,a,good,idea,to,spend,money/time/resources,into,pursui
ng,it,in,the,real,world
Biological,Plausibility:,
One,component,of,a,method,of,reasoning,that,can,establish,a,cause-and-
effect,relationship,between,a,biological,factor,and,a,particular,disease,or,adverse,event.
Bolus,,ANS,-,,A,portion;,with,respect,to,food,,amount,swallowed,at,a,time
Chyme,,ANS,-,,Digestive,juices,expelled,by,the,stomach,into,duodenum
Peristalsis,,ANS,-,,Wavelike,muscular,contractions,that,push,its,contents,along
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