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NGR6172 Ch. 1 Pharmacokinetics + Pharmacodynamics with 100- correct answers (latest update).
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NGR6172 Ch. 1 Pharmacokinetics + Pharmacodynamics with 100- correct answers (latest update).
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NGR6172 Ch. 1Pharmacokinetic
s+
Pharmacodynami
cs with 100%
correct answers
(latest update)
Pharmacokinetics - answer study of action of body's effect on a drug
--> what the BODY does to a DRUG
Pharmacodynamics - answer study of biochemical and physiologic effects
of drugs on the body
-->what a DRUG does to the BODY
,what is the difference between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics?
- answer PK studies what the body does to a drug, PD studies what the
drug does to the body
what four properties determine the onset, intensity, and duration of drug
action? - answer 1- absorption
2- distribution
3- metabolism
4- elimination
absorption - answer The transport of a drug from site of administration
to the bloodstream.
what four factors affect absorption? - answer 1- cell membrane
characteristics
2- route of administration
3- medication characteristics
4- blood flow
distribution - answer process by which drug reversibly leaves the
bloodstream and enters the extracellular fluid and tissues
what is the initial phase of a drug that is administered IV? - answer
distribution. absorption is not a factor. drug rapidly leaves circulation and
enters the tissues
metabolism - answer conversion of medication from one chemical into
another
elimination - answer irreversible removal of drug from the body through
biotransformation and excretion (bile, urine, sweat, lungs/respiratory)
another term for metabolism - answer biotransformation
, what is the difference between clearance and elimination? - answer
clearance is a rate that estimates the volume of blood from which drug is
removed from the plasma rather than the process of metabolites being
eliminated from the body in urine, bile, feces, etc.
bioavailability - answer the amount of medication that reaches systemic
circulation after administration
what percent bioavailability do IV medications have? - answer 100%
what is the most common route for administering medication? - answer
oral
why does the oral route not have 100% bioavailability? - answer any
medication requiring metabolism has less than 100% bioavailability. also,
the first-pass effect inactivates a percentage of the active medication.
first-pass effect - answer process in which an orally administered
medication is first absorbed from the GI tract --> then transported to the
liver via portal vein --> then partially metabolized, decreasing the amount
of bioavailability and concentration of the active drug
decreased circulation will inherently lead to: - answer decreased drug
absorption
in what ways can medications cross the cell membrane - answer - passive
diffusion
- facilitated diffusion
- active transport
- endocytosis
passive diffusion - answer medications cross cell membrane from areas
of high concentration to low concentration without the use of ATP, or
energy.
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