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NSG 532 Unit 1 |Questions with 100% correct answers
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NSG 532 Unit 1 |Questions with 100% correctanswers
Define an Exergonic reaction - ✔️✔️Any reaction that produces ATP
In an exergonic reaction will the stored ATP level be higher in the reactants or the products? -
✔️✔️The reactants --stored ATP.
What are four common exergonic reactions? - ✔️✔️Carbohydrates into glucose
Proteins into amino acids
Lipids into fatty acids
Nucleic acids into nucleotides
What are the reactants called in exergonic reactions? - ✔️✔️Bio-Polymers
What are the products called in exergonic reactions? - ✔️✔️Bio-Monomers
What is an endergonic reaction? - ✔️✔️A reaction that utilizes/consumes ATP
Is the level of stored ATP higher in the reactants or products of an endergonic reaction? -
✔️✔️The products
Which has greater potential energy? Biomonomers or Biopolymers? - ✔️✔️Biopolymers --- more
stored ATP
What are the products in endergonic reactions? - ✔️✔️Biopolymers
What are the reactants in endergonic reactions? - ✔️✔️Biomonomers
,What is included in the definition of metabolism? - ✔️✔️Endergonic reactions+ Exergonic
reactions
Are exergonic reactions catabolic or anabolic? - ✔️✔️Catabolic
Does catabolism generate or utilize ATP? - ✔️✔️Generate ATP - breakdown of biopolymers
Does anabolism generate or utilize ATP? - ✔️✔️Utilize - creation of biopolymers
Define microbiome - ✔️✔️The microbes and their genetic material that live on and in the human
body
Many interactions occur between host and microbiome
What is the ratio of host cells compared to microbiome cells? - ✔️✔️10% host cells, 90%
microbiome cells.
Where is the the majority of the microbiome found in humans? - ✔️✔️The GI tract
What is the composition of the microbiome? - ✔️✔️Bacteria, Archaea, Viruses, Yeast, Fungi,
Protozoa
Is the microbiome the same from individual to individual? - ✔️✔️No, differ remarkably in
composition and diversity of microbiome
How are newborns and the microbiome related? - ✔️✔️Healthy newborn immune responses
depend on early exposure to mothers microbiome
,C/S babies should be swabbed w/sample from vaginal canal - exposure to microbiome
Define dysbiosis - ✔️✔️Abnormal alterations in the composition/diversity of the microbiome
What can dysbiosis lead to? - ✔️✔️Higher incidence of inflammation and cancers
What are causes of dysbiosis? - ✔️✔️Genetic changes, Lifestyle, Diet, Misuse of Abx, Infections,
Immune system disorders, Aging, Chemotherapy/Radiation
Are plants and animals eukaryotes or prokaryotes? - ✔️✔️Eukaryotes
Are bacteria and archaea eukaryotes or prokaryotes? - ✔️✔️Prokaryotes
What are the three components of cell theory? - ✔️✔️All living things are made of cells
Cells are structural and functional units of life
All cells arise only from pre-existing cells
Since viruses have a source of life information, why are they not considered cellular? - ✔️✔️Only
contain information
Have no machinery to process information or machinery to generate energy
Explain what is meant by obligate intracellular pathogen - ✔️✔️Come into body/host to utilize
machinery in order to process information and replicate -- cannot survive otherwise
Must live inside cell to become a pathogen
, What protects a viruses nucleic acid? - ✔️✔️A capsid
Sometimes an embryo
Describe prokaryotes - ✔️✔️Prokaryotes (Bacteria/Archaea)
-Nucleoid (no nuclear membrane)
- One circular DNA floats freely
-No membrane bound organelles
- No mitochondria
-Divide by binary fission
-Aerobic and anaerobic
-Unicellular
-Have plasmid
-Produce ATP w/enzymes in cell membrane
Describe Eukaryotes - ✔️✔️Eukaryotes
-Contain nucleus
-Linear DNA in nucleus
-Have membrane bound organelles
-Have mitochondria
-Divide by mitosis and meiosis
-Mostly aerobic
-Mostly acellular
-No plasmid
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