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NUR 4445 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) CANCER 2 | ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
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NUR 4445 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) CANCER 2 | ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
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NUR 4445 Cancer 21. What are the cardinal symptoms of cancer in children (8)?
Answer
- Unusual mass or swelling
- Unexplained paleness or loss of energy
- Sudden tendency to bruise
- Persistent, localized pain or limping***
- Prolonged, unexplained fever or illness
- Frequent headaches, often with vomiting
- Sudden eye or vision changes
- Excessive, rapid weight loss
2. What are the different diagnostic tests used to diagnose cancer (9)?
Answer
Serologies (CBC, chemistries, inflammatory markers)
Radiologic studies (x-ray)
CT or CAT (computerized axial tomography) scan MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan
Bone marrow biopsy Lumbar puncture
Needle, incisional & excisional biopsies PET (positron emission tomography) scan Bonescan
3. What is an Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC)?What is a normal, neutropenic, and severe
neutropenic cell count?
Answer
- a calculation of the number of circulating neutrophils
- Normal > 1,000
- Neutropenic = 500 - 1,000
- Severe neutropenia < 500
4. What are the characteristics of cancer treatment? What are the different goals with cancer
treatment (3)?
Answer
- Often several treatments are combined, including complementary therapy
, - Goals
Curative, supportive, or preparing for end-of-life care
- Side effects must be managed also
5. How should childhood cancer be managed and why?
Answer
- MUST be managed at a multidisciplinary cancer center with pediatric expertise- clinical
trials.
- do not treat a child with cancer if there's not a multidisciplinary team.This is costly! So educate
the family.
6. What are the reasons for surgery during the treatment of cancer (3)?
Answer
Diagnosing the cancer or stage of cancer
Removing the tumor
Decreasing the size of the tumor
7. What is chemotherapy? What must be monitored while a patient is on chemotherapy?
Answer
Drugs that kill the abnormal cells (also kill the normal cells) Can be oral, IV, or intrathecal(into
the spinal canal)
Many adverse effects
ANC must be monitored, may be held if < 750
8. What is radiation therapy? When is it indicated and what are the goals with this treatment?
Answer
- Unstable isotopes that release energy to destroy cells
- Often used for local and regional control of cancer
- Tumor site plus the lymph glands
- Goal is to not damage the healthy cells
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