Exam (elaborations)
NUR 4445 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) CARDIOPULMONARY SYSTEM | GRADED A+ QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
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NUR 4445 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) CARDIOPULMONARY SYSTEM | GRADED A+ QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
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NUR 4445 Cardiopulmonary System1. Cyanotic
decreased pulmonary blood flow
2. Cyanotic conditions
Tetralogy of fallot
Transposition of great vessel
3. Acyanotic
increased pulmonary blood flow
4. Acyanotic conditions
Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
Coarctation of aorta
5. Atrial septal defect,
Opening between L & R atria
Increased volume on R side of heart and increased right atrial and right ventricular size
6. Atrial septal defect incidence
10 % of CHD
,Twice as common in females
Up to 50% have other heart defects
7. Atrial septal defect patho
Acyanotic
Normal pressure on left side of heart ’Blood flows from left to the right across ASD
8. Atrial septal defect s/s
Often asymptomatic
-If large ASD, could have poor growth or CHF
Soft systolic murmur & widely split S2 Unaffected by respiratory pattern
9. Atrial septal defect diagnosis
Murmur detected Echochardiogram
X-ray - cardiac enlargement, especially R side
10. Atrial septal defect treatment
Monitor for spontaneous closure during first 2 years of life
Nonsurgical device/patch placement
cardiac catheterization
Traditional Surgery
vertical incision along sternum with defect repaired by stitch closure of patch (Dacron) (may
not be done until preschools
, 11. ventricular septal defect
Opening between ventricles
Most common (30%) congenital heart defect
12. ventricular septal defect patho
Acyanotic
Blood flow through VSD L’R, recirculates through PA to lungs Left heart enlargement &
pulmonary venous congestion
Degree of shunting depends on size of defect & child's pulmonary resistance
13. ventricular septal defect s/s
Small (80-85%)/Moderate (3-5%)
usually asymptomatic
Large
Signs of CHF
-Tachypenic, diaphoretic, fatigues easily, tires with feeding, & FTT.
14. ventricular septal defect diagnosis
Loud holosystolic murmurs (beings at the S1 & continues through to S2)
ECHO
Moderate/large
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