Edelman and Kudzma's Canadian Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span, 1st Edition Test Bank
Chapter 1: Health Defined: Health Promotion, Prevention, and Protection
Dames, Luctkar-Flude and Tyerman: Edelman and Kudzma’s Canadian Health
Promotion Throughout the Life Span, 1st Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. How is disease defined?
a. The failure of a person’s adaptive mechanisms to counteract stimuli and stresses
adequately, resulting in functional or structural disturbances
b. Disease and illness are components of a struggle for balance in the bodily systems
c. The failure of a person’s bodily systems in responding to stresses, resulting in a
hormonal imbalance
d. The assault by stimuli and stress on the body’s core defence systems
ANS: A
Disease may be defined as the failure of a person’s adaptive mechanisms to counteract stimuli
and stresses adequately, resulting in functional or structural disturbances. This definition is an
ecological concept of disease, which uses multiple factors to determine the cause of disease,
rather than describing a single cause. Disease and illness are not synonymous.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge) REF: Disease, Illness, and Health
OBJ: 1 TOP: Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. How can health be defined?
a. As the absence of disease and illness
b. As the person’s philosophy for living in harmony with their environment
c. A state of physical, mental, and spiritual well-being
d. A state of physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person’s
potential and is experienced within a developmental context.
ANS: D
Definitions of health have evolved as the nature of health and illness becomes better
understood. Health is much more than the absence of disease and illness. It is a state of
physical, mental, spiritual, and social functioning that realizes a person’s potential and is
experienced within a developmental context.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: Health and Wellness
OBJ: 1 TOP: Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
, Edelman and Kudzma's Canadian Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span, 1st Edition Test Bank
3. The 1986 Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion document provides a blueprint for health
promotion in Canada. Which of the following statements is correct concerning this model?
a. The focus is on environment and the ability to achieve health on a personal and
societal level.
b. It depicts health promotion as the process of enabling people to increase control
over and improve their health.
c. It provides a view of health promotion that is focused on people taking control of
their own health.
d. It is most closely aligned with a clinical model of health.
ANS: B
The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion provides a blueprint for health promotion in
Canada. Within this model, health promotion is depicted as the process of enabling people to
increase control over and improve their health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: Health Promotion
OBJ: 2 TOP: Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
4. Which of the following is a tool used to measure quality of life?
a. CDCQOL-BREF (from the Centers for Disease Control)
b. McGowan Quality of Life Questionnaire
c. WHOQOL-BREF (World Health Organization)
d. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
ANS: C
Multiple tools are available for measuring quality of life, including a general measure
established by the World Health Organization Quality of Life, WHOQOL-BREF and the
McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire for use at the end of life. The Ottawa Charter for Health
Promotion provides a framework for health promotion, rather than measuring quality of life.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) REF: Health Promotion
OBJ: 2 TOP: Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
5. Which of the following best describes a care recipient who has an illness?
a. Someone who has well-controlled diabetes
b. Someone with hypercholesterolemia
c. Someone with a headache
d. Someone with coronary artery disease without angina
ANS: C
Someone with a headache represents a person with an illness. An illness is made up of the
subjective experience of the individual and the physical manifestation of disease. It can be
described as a response characterized by a mismatch between a person’s needs and the
resources available to meet those needs. A person can have a disease without feeling ill. The
other choices represent disease.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) REF: Disease, Illness, and Health
OBJ: 4 TOP: Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
6. Which Canadian report is considered to be a landmark document in creating a global
approach to health?
a. Population Health Promotion Model
, Edelman and Kudzma's Canadian Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span, 1st Edition Test Bank
b. Healthy People 2020
c. Framework for Health Promotion in Canada
d. World Health Organization Quality of Life
ANS: C
By the mid-1980s, Canada became a world leader in the formulation of health-promotion
ideals and strategies, particularly with the unveiling of the Framework for Health Promotion
in Canada at the first World Health Organization (WHO) conference on health promotion in
Ottawa. The overall goal of “achieving health for all” in this report identifies three health
challenges: reducing inequities, increasing prevention, and enhancing coping. The three
health-promotion mechanisms to address these challenges are self-care, mutual aid, and
healthy environments. The final component of the framework consists of three
implementation strategies: fostering public participation, strengthening community health
services; and coordinating health public policy.
Healthy People 2020 is a US-based document to guide planning for health care. The WHO
Quality of Life tool is a quality of life measurement tool used by health care workers. The
Population Health Promotion Model was developed to provide an overall framework to guide
health promotion by blending both health promotion and population health concepts.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge)
REF: The Evolution of Health Promotion in Canada OBJ: 3
TOP: Planning MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
7. Which of the following is one of the three programs that the Public Health Agency of Canada
(PHAC) is focused on for improving the health of Canadians?
a. Decreased tobacco use in youth throughout the country
b. Health promotion and disease prevention
c. Increased public funding for health insurance
d. Decreased hospital re-admission rates
ANS: B
The aim of the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) is to promote and protect the health
of Canadians through leadership, partnership, innovation, and action in public health. Among
the agency’s recent plans are three programs: public health infrastructure; health promotion
and disease prevention; and health security. Choices A, C, and D are possible strategies to
achieve the goals of this program.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember (Knowledge)
REF: The Role of the Public Health Agency of Canada in Health Promotion, Prevention, and
Protection OBJ: 3 TOP: Planning
MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
8. Which of the following represents a method of primary prevention?
a. Informational session about healthy lifestyles
b. Blood pressure screening
c. Interventional cardiac catheterization
d. Diagnostic cardiac catheterization
ANS: A
Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction. It includes health promotion and specific
protection and encourages increased awareness; thus, education about healthy lifestyles fits
this definition. Blood pressure screening does not prevent disease, but instead identifies it.
, Edelman and Kudzma's Canadian Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span, 1st Edition Test Bank
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: Levels of Prevention
OBJ: 5 TOP: Planning MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
9. Which of the following represents a method of secondary prevention?
a. Education about breast self-examination
b. Yearly mammograms
c. Chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer
d. Complete mastectomy for breast cancer
ANS: B
Screening is secondary prevention because the principal goal of screenings is to identify
individuals in an early, detectable stage of the disease process. A mammogram is a screening
tool for breast cancer and, thus, is considered a method of secondary prevention.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: Levels of Prevention
OBJ: 5 TOP: Planning MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
10. Which of the following represents a method of tertiary prevention?
a. Drunk driving campaign
b. Road blocks for drunk driving
c. Emergency surgery for head trauma after a motor vehicle accident
d. Physiotherapy and occupational therapy after a motor vehicle accident with head
trauma
ANS: D
Physiotherapy and occupational therapy are considered tertiary prevention. Tertiary
prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. It involves
minimizing the effect of disease and disability. The objective of tertiary prevention is to
maximize remaining capacities.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) REF: Levels of Prevention
OBJ: 5 TOP: Planning MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
11. In reviewing a person’s medical history, a nurse realizes that the individual with moderate
persistent asthma has had several emergency department visits and is not on inhaled steroids
as recommended by the best practice guidelines for asthma management. The nurse discusses
this with the person’s primary care provider. In this scenario, the nurse is acting as a(n):
a. Advocate.
b. Care coordinator.
c. Consultant or collaborator.
d. Educator.
ANS: B
Care coordinators act to prevent duplication of services, maintain quality and safety, and
reduce costs. Care coordinators base recommendations on reliable data sources such as
evidence-informed practices and protocols.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
REF: Nursing Roles in Health Promotion, Prevention, and Protection
OBJ: 6 TOP: Assessment MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
12. During a home visit, a nurse assists an individual to complete an application for disability
services. The nurse is acting as a(n):
