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EXAM 2 SPCE 611 Questions and Answers.
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EXAM 2 SPCE 611 Questions and Answers.
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EXAM 2 SPCE 611Questions and Answers
Denning [Date] [Course title]
,validity - Correct Answers: -yields data that are directly relevant to the phenomenon measured and to
the reason(s) for measuring it
-revolves around the question: was a relevant dimension of the behavior that is the focus of the
investigation measured directly and legitimately?
-direct measure of the actual behavior will always have more validity than an indirect measure, because
a direct measure does not require an inference about its relation to the behavior of interest, whereas an
indirect measure always requires such an interference
-3 important elements needed to be valid: a. measuring directly a socially significant target behavior
b. measuring a dimension of the target behavior relevant to the question or concern about the behavior
c. ensuring that the data are representative of the behaviors occurrence under conditions and during
times that are most relevant to the question or concern about the behavior
-the validity of behavioral data is threatened when measurement is indirect, when the wrong dimension
of the target behavior is measured, or when measurement is conducted in such a way that the data it
produces are an artifact of the actual event
accuracy - Correct Answers: the extent to which the observed value (the quantitative label produced by
measuring an event) matches the true state it true value of the event as it exists in nature
-measurement is accurate to the degree that is corresponds to the true value of the thing measured
-true value: measure obtained by procedures that are independent of and different from the procedures
that produced the data being evaluated and for which the researcher has taken special or extraordinary
precautions to insure that all possible sources of error have been avoided or removed
measurement bias - Correct Answers: -nonrandom measurement error; error in measurement that s
likely to be in one direction
reliability - Correct Answers: -describes the extent to which a measurement procedure yields the same
value when brought into repeated contact with the same state of nature
-it is a relative concept
-the closet the values obtained by repeated measurement of the same event are to one another. the
greater the reliability
-more variability= less reliability
-poor reliability= problems with accuracy
, direct measurement - Correct Answers: -occurs when the phenomenon that is the focus of the
experiment is exactly the same as the phenomenon being measured
-yields more valid data
indirect measurement - Correct Answers: occurs when what is actually measured is in some way
different from the target behavior of interest
-provides secondhand or filtered information that requires the researcher or practitioner to make
inferences about the relationship between the event that was measured and the actual behavior of
interest
-occurs when the researcher or practitioner measures a proxy, or stand-in, for the actual behavior or
interest
pg 126
-it is incumbent upon the researcher to provide a convincing case for the validity of the data
artifact - Correct Answers: when data give an unwarranted or misleading picture of the behavior
because of the way measurement was conducted
measurement artifact - Correct Answers: something that appears to exist because of the way it is
measured
continuous measurement - Correct Answers: -measurement conducted in a manner such that all
instances of the response classes of interest are detected during the observation period
discontinuous measurement - Correct Answers: describes any form of measurement in which some
instances of the response classes of interest may not be detected
-no matter how accurate and reliable, it may yield to data that are an artifact
human error - Correct Answers: -the biggest threat to the accuracy and reliability off data in applied
behavior analysis
poorly designed measurement system - Correct Answers: pg 128
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