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Lifespan Development Exam (Ch.1-19)100% Accurate!!
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Theory - ANSWERS-Orderly integrated set of statements found through numerous studies - widely accepted among scientific community -describes, predicts, & explains behavior Continuous vs. Discontinuous - ANSWERSGradual vs. abrupt stages Universality vs. Context Specificity - ANSWERS-simila...

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  • October 30, 2024
  • 51
  • 2024/2025
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  • lifespan development exam ch1 19100 accurate
  • theory answers orderly integrated set of stateme

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Lifespan Development Exam (Ch.1-
19)100% Accurate!!

Theory - ANSWERS-Orderly integrated set of statements found through numerous studies

- widely accepted among scientific community

-describes, predicts, & explains behavior



Continuous vs. Discontinuous - ANSWERSGradual vs. abrupt stages



Universality vs. Context Specificity - ANSWERS-similar from person to person and from culture to culture
vs.

-vary considerably depending on the social context?



Age-graded influences - ANSWERSRelated to age, predictable, milestones



History-graded influences - ANSWERS-ex. wars, epidemics, technology

-Cohort= tend to be alike, set apart from other groups



Non-normative influences - ANSWERS• Events that are irregular; unpredictable



Resilience/risk - ANSWERS• Ability to adapt effectively in face of threats to development

• Close relation w/ parent, community supports, etc.



Normative approach - ANSWERS• Measures of behavior taken on large # of individuals

• Age-related averages=typical

,• Elaborate questionnaires



Psychoanalytic perspective - ANSWERS• Series of stages, conflict b/w biology & social norms, determines
ability to learn, get along w/ others, cope w/ anxiety



Erikson's psychosocial theory - ANSWERSA set of principles that relates social & cultural environment to
personality & emotional development



Behaviorism/Learning Theory - ANSWERS• Directly observable events

• Watson=Albert

• Classical, operant conditioning

-Pavlov



sensorimotor - ANSWERSbirth-2, thought primarily based in action



preoperational - ANSWERS2-7, thought becomes symbolic



concrete operational - ANSWERS7-11, logic can be applied in specific contexts



formal operational - ANSWERS11+, thought is abstract & hypothetical



Information processing - ANSWERS-Human mind viewed as symbol-manipulating system through which
info flows (computer)

-Input then output (behavioral response)

-cognition



Developmental neuroscience - ANSWERS• Brings together psych, bio, & neurosci, Meds

• Relation b/w change in brain and developing person's cog processing and behavior patterns

• Electrical-recoding and imaging technique

,Ethology - ANSWERS• adaptive/survival value of behavior & evolutionary history

• Konrad Lorenz & Niki Tinbergen

• Imprinting

• Critical period

• Sensitive period

-NOT about development



Evolutionary development - ANSWERS-adaptive/survival as change w/ age

-FOCUSES on developmental aspect

classical conditioning - ANSWERSstimulus-response relationships, ex. Pavlov's dogs



operant conditioning - ANSWERSreward or punishment for behavior ex. high five



Social learning theory - ANSWERS• Albert Bandura

• modeling/imitation/observational learning

• Important in development

• Gradually more selective in imitation

• Towards personal standards, self-efficacy



Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory - ANSWERS-Children construct knowledge as they manipulate
& explore world

-Adaptation of schemes

-active construction of knowledge influenced by particular stage

-want equilibrium

- same sequence for everyone

, Vygotsky's Sociocultural theory - ANSWERS-focuses on culture & social interaction contribute to learning
and development

-Stagewise changes

- socially mediated/generations



Brofenbrenner's Ecological systems theory - ANSWERS-Urie Bronfenbrenner

-person=developing w/in complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of surrounding
enviro

-bidirectional, interdependent effects



Microsystem - ANSWERS• Innermost

• people, groups, & institutions that most immediately & directly impact developing person



Mesosystem - ANSWERS-Encompasses connections b/w microsystems

-ex. Academics depends on school and parents



Exosystem - ANSWERS-Social settings w/o person but affect

-ex. Paid maternity leave helps parent, child



Macrosystem - ANSWERS-Cultural values, laws, customs, resources

-Depend on country



Chronosystem - ANSWERS-the temporal dimension-dynamic ever-changing nature of person or changes
in socio-historical circumstances over time



Naturalistic observation - ANSWERS· Go into field/natural environment and record behavior of interest;
no manipulation

· Limit: not all same

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