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NURS 403 Exam Questions And 100% Correct Answers
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NURS 403 Exam Questions And 100% Correct AnswersHomeostasis
A state of internal balance and stability
Intracellular fluid
40% of body weight
Fluid within each one of the body's cells
Extracellular fluid
Intravascular (5%)
Interstitial (15%)
Intravascular fluid
Fluid within the blood vessels
5% of body weight
Interstitial fluid
15 % of body weight
Fluid in tissue space outside of the cells
What does our body need?
Oxygen
Water
Nutrients-glucose
Electrolytes-control, including intake/storage/elimination
,How is homeostasis achieved?
Normal values must be reached-volume, concentration, composition of the body fluids
Osmotic pressure
Water pulling
Volume of partic les in a solution
Partic les do pulling
Controlled by albumin
Albumin
Protein in blood
Causes osmotic pressure
Isn't produce in nephrotic conditions or liver cirrhosis
When kidney is damage, albumin spills into the urine
Hydrostatic pressure
Water pushing
Pushing water from high to low concentrations
The volume inside BVs
Controlled by left ventricular function
If someone has HF or myopathy of the left ventricle it can affect the contraction and
therefore the hydrostatic pressure
Active transport
Requires ATP and carrier molecules
Requires energy
,Maintains gradient
Examples: osmolality, osmotic pressure, hydrostatic pressure
Osmolality
Thickness of a solution
Passive transport
Diffusion from high to low concentration
Does not require energy
E.g., diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
Insulin is a carrier for glucose into cells
Osmosis
Particles cause movement of water
What are hormones?
Signal carriers and catalysts
Trigger pathways and systems to maintain homeostasis
Water deficit
When there is not enough fluid circulating in the body
Not enough osmolality - blood is more concentrated
Increase in arterial blood pressure, initiating thirst
Try to conserve as much fluid as possible->decreased UO
Water excess
Decreased osmolality (blood is more diluted)
Inhibitory pathway to cease production of ADH
Increased urine output
, ADH in fluid deficit
Increase in osmotic pressure i.e., blood is more concentrated
As serum osmolality rises->ADH is released and is transported to the nephrons in the
kidney
Tells the kidneys to retain water
Steps of RAA pathway
1. Dehydration, Na deficiency, hemorrhage
2. Decreased blood volume
3. Decreased blood pressure
4. Juxtaglomerular cells of kidney
5. Kidney increases renin
6. Liver increases angiotensinogen
7. Angiotensin 1 increased
8. Lungs (ACE)
Pulmonary system
Thorax
Conduction airways
Respiratory airways
Pulmonary blood flow
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