MICB 2121- Midterm 2 Exam Study Guide
Solutions
Microbiota - ANSWERSurface tissues like skin and mucous membranes are in contact with
microorganisms all the time
Microbiota: colonies of bacterial species in the same anatomical sites in all people
Some organisms have permanent residence within ...
relatively constant, although changes can be induced (diet changes). Bacterial colonizers are acquired
quickly.
Factors that affect the composition of the microbiota - ANSWER✔✔Diet (milk produces lactic acid
bacteria in microbiota)
Infection (increase in pathogen numbers)
antibiotic treatment (decrease overall microbiota), in GI tract, this leaves the host susceptible to
colonization by opportunistic bacteria
After antibiotic therapy is completed, the microbiota will re-establish itself.
Location of the microbiota - ANSWER✔✔Three reasons why microbiota are located at a particular
anatomical site:
Certain species of bacteria only are located in one locale; exhibit a tissue preference for colonization.
Host provides essential growth factor needed by the bacterium. Some locations of host are inherently
inhospitable for colonization of bacteria
At colonization sites, bacteria attach to host receptors using specific bacterial ligands (capsules, cell wall,
fimbriae). These host receptors that interact with the bacterial ligands are expressed only at certain
locations in the host's body.
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