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PCB 3063 Genetics Exam 1 Dr. Zhang Questions and Answers Genetics - ANSWER-the science of genes (DNA), heredity, and variation in living organisms Why is genetics important? - ANSWER-Individual: health, unique traits, happiness/ suffering Society: population, food, nutrition, medicine, stabili...

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  • October 30, 2024
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PCB 3063 Genetics Exam 1 Dr. Zhang

Questions and Answers


Genetics - ANSWER✔✔-the science of genes (DNA), heredity,


and variation in living organisms


Why is genetics important? - ANSWER✔✔-Individual: health, unique traits, happiness/ suffering


Society: population, food, nutrition, medicine, stability


Biology: understand life, improve of life of ourselves, others ( plants, animals, microbes), evolution


Why is genetics useful/cool? - ANSWER✔✔-Affects how you, feel, behave, interact etc.


How long you may live and what diseases you may have or will have


Helps understand life, our planet Earth and environment, build a better future


Is homosexuality genetic? - ANSWER✔✔-No; it is epigenetic


Why is there familial resemblance? - ANSWER✔✔-Shared similar genes




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What are the roles of genetics in biology? - ANSWER✔✔-Life on Earth evolved from the same ancestors,

3.5-4 bya


All organisms share similar genetic systems


All cells use double-stranded DNA as the genetic material


Viruses have genes composed of either RNA or DNA, but not both


Gene structure, regulation and organization vary vastly among life forms


Central Dogma - ANSWER✔✔-DNA(Replication)- MRNA(transcription)-Protein(Translation)


Reverse Transcription - ANSWER✔✔-MRNA to DNA


Model Genetic Organism Characteristics - ANSWER✔✔-Have been studied extensively because of being

especially suitable for research


Short generation time


Significant number of progeny (offspring)


Adapt well to the laboratory environment


Easy and cheap to care for and propagate


Escherichia Coli - ANSWER✔✔-Prokaryote; Lives in the gut of humans and other mammals


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Saccharomyces cerevisiae - ANSWER✔✔-Eukaryote; "budding yeast" Single cell fungus (Baker's Yeast)


Arabidopsis thaliana - ANSWER✔✔-Thale-Cress Plant (for plant molecular genetics studies)


Caenorhabditis elegans - ANSWER✔✔-Nematode; Worm commonly found in soil for studies of

development and cell differentiation


Drosophila Melanogaster - ANSWER✔✔-Fruit fly; used for over 100 years of genetic studies. Many

human genes were first identified by their counterparts in Drosophila


Apis mellifera - ANSWER✔✔-Honey bee; model for studies of communication, behavior, neurology

ecology and evolution.


Danio rerio - ANSWER✔✔-Zebrafish; A model system for studying development, leading to better

understanding of human conditions.


Mus musculus - ANSWER✔✔-House mouse; sacrificed for humans, mammalian model organism


Gregor Mendel - ANSWER✔✔-Published his studies using pea plants in 1866, studies were rediscovered

in 1900, Revealed the principles of heredity, founder of modern genetics


Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri - ANSWER✔✔-showed that heredity (gene) is located on

chromosomes in 1902




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