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Endocrine- APEA Questions and Answers with Complete Solution 100% Correct
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Endocrine- APEA Questions and Answers with Complete Solution 100% Correct
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Endocrine- APEA Questions and Answers withComplete Solution 100% Correct
*ADA Screening Recommendations for DM (1) - ANSWER 1. Annual screening
for BMI >25 (Asian>23) & one or more RF
2. Entire population >45y Q3y if screening is normal
Etiology:
DMT1
DMT2 - ANSWER 1. Chronic autoimmune (T-cell mediated) beta cell
destruction, usually leading to absolute** insulin deficiency
2. Progressive loss of beta cell insulin secretion leading to insulin resistance**
*ADA diagnostic criteria:
Prediabetes (3) - ANSWER 1. A1C = 5.7-6.4%
2. FPG= 100-125
3. OGTT= 140-199
*ADA diagnostic criteria:
T2DM (4) - ANSWER 1. A1C= >6.5%
2. FPG= >126
3. OGTT= >200
,4. RPG w/ s/s or 3ps= >200
* ADA Suggested A1C Goals by Age for T2DM;
1. Most Adults
2. Healthy Older adults
3. Unhealthy Older adults
4. Pregnant
5. T1DM - ANSWER 1. <7%
2. <7.5%
3. <8.5%
4. <6%
5. <6.5%
DM Monitoring- Physical Exam
8 Must Address areas w/ frequency - ANSWER 1. Ht, Wt, BMI (each visit)
2. BP (each visit)
3. Foot exam (Q3M, or each visit if PVD/Neuropathy)
4. Dilated eye exam (Q1y= T2 & Q5= T1)
5. Fundoscopic exam (at dx)
,6. Thyroid palpation (at dx, Q1y)
7. Skin exam (at dx, Q1y); acanthosis nigricans, fungal
8. Dental exam (Q1y)
Foot Exam (7) - ANSWER 1. Inspect
2. Palpation of dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses
3. ABI if indicated
4. Patellar, Achillies reflects
5. Proprioception
6. Vibration
7. Monofilament
DM Monitoring- Labs
4 Labs w/ frequency - ANSWER 1. Fasting Lipids (total, LDL, HDL, TG); Q1y
2. A1C- Q3m if not at goal; or 2Qy
3. Spot urinary albumin-tocreatinine ratio; at dx & annually
3. Serum Creatinine and eGFR; at dx and annually
4. TSH; at dx & annually
, DM Monitoring- Other Comorbids to Screen? (10) - ANSWER 1. CA; liver,
pancreas, endometrium, colon/rectal, breast, bladder (7)
2. Hearing Impairment
3. OSA
4. Fatty Liver
5. Peridontal disease
6. Cognitive impairment
7. Depression
8. Eating disorders
9. Anxiety
10. Fractures
IFG
2 hour post-prandial glucose - ANSWER - Impaired Fasting glucose
- <180 mg/dL
Biguanide
Drug (1) - ANSWER Metformin
Metformin:
Class
MOA (4)
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