NURS 5463 Quiz 3 Study Guide UTA Latest
Update 2024-2025 Actual Exam from Credible
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4th Generation Immunoassay - CORRECT ANSWER: *Recommended test for
diagnosis*
- Combo test (Ag/Ab)
- Better at identifying Acute HIV infections than previous antibody only tests
2 Types:
- ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo Test i. Best at identifying Acute HIV Infections
- Determine HIV ½ Ag/ABi. Positive result does not differentiate between the detection
of an antibody or p24 antigen.
Abacavir (ABC or Ziagen) Side Effects - CORRECT ANSWER: - Hypersensitivity
reaction (HSR)
- Don't give when HLA-B-*5701 is positive
- Increases risk of MI in some studies
Acute HIV Infection Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER: - Fever
- Lymphadenopathy
- Pharyngitis
- Rash
- Myalgias/arthralgias
- N/V/D
- Headache
,- Hepatosplenomegaly
- Weight loss
- Thrush
- Neurologic symptoms
Acyclovir (Zovirax) - CORRECT ANSWER: *Antiviral agent*
Used for: HSV1, HSV2, varicella zoster infections, IV can treat HSV encephalitis
- Oral bioavailability is low
- Renally cleared, renal dosin required
Side Effects: Nephrotoxicity, crystalline nephropathy (Give IV with IV hydration),
tremors, delirium, seizures, TTP, hemolytic uremic syndrome
AIDS Infection - CORRECT ANSWER: - Clinically defined as the presence of an AIDS
defining illness and/or a CD4 count < 200
- Only takes 1 drop in a CD4 count below 200 to be assigned a diagnosis of AIDS
AIDS-Defining Illness - CORRECT ANSWER: - PCP, Toxoplasmosis, PML
- Disseminated MAC
- Kaposi's sarcoma, Lymphoma
- TB, Esophageal/Tracheal candida
- CMV infections, Histoplasmosis, invasive cervical cancer.
- Recurrent bacterial infections
Aminoglycosides - CORRECT ANSWER: *Streptomycin, Gentamicin, Tobramycin,
Amikacin, Kanamycin, Neomycin, Palzomycin*
-Protein synthesis inhibitors
,- Most common indication is for treatment of serious infections caused by aerobic gram
- bacilli
- Coverage: Gram - bacteria including Klebsiellia, pseudomonas, acinetobacter;
moderate activity for gram + cocci, poor for anaerobes
Aminoglycosides Need-to-Know Facts - CORRECT ANSWER: - Good IV bioavailability,
poor oral bioavailability
- The higher the drug concentration, the more bacteria & faster it kills
- Renally cleared, renal dosing required
- Trend is toward daily dosing when creat. clearance > 60ml/min
Aminoglycosides Side Effects - CORRECT ANSWER: *Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity*
- Neomycin, tobramycin, gentamicin are most nephrotoxic
- Neomycin, Kanamycin, amikacin are most ototoxic
- *BBW* Neuromuscular blockade w/ resp. paralysis
Aminoglycosides: Amikacin - CORRECT ANSWER: Used for: HAP, meningitis,
mycobacterium avium complex
Aminoglycosides: Gentamicin - CORRECT ANSWER: Used for: UTI, HAP, VAP, PID,
meningitis, endocarditis, cholangitis, diverticulitis
Aminoglycosides: Palzomicin - CORRECT ANSWER: Used for: Complicated UTI
Aminoglycosides: Tobramycin - CORRECT ANSWER: Used for: Cholangitis, CNS shunt
infections, cystic fibrosis, diverticulitis, endocarditis, HAP, VAP, PID
Amphotericin B - CORRECT ANSWER: - Binds with ergosterol, weakens cell membrane
& makes it more permeable, cell contents leak out
- Lipid formulations: AmBisome, Amphotec, Abelcet (developed to decrease toxicity)
, - Used for: Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, histoplasma capsulatum,
aspergillis, blastomyces, coccidiodes immitis
- Dosing is weight-based
*BBW:* Only use for life-threatening fungal infections
Amphotericin B Side Effects - CORRECT ANSWER: - *Nephrotixicity*
- Infusion-related fever, chills, headaches, muscle spasms, hypotension, rigors
- Hypokalemia, hypomagnesmia, hyperchloremic acidosis, anemia, leukopenia
- Leukoencephalopathy
Ampicillin, Amoxicillin - CORRECT ANSWER: *Extended spectrum penicillin*
Used for: CAP, Otitis media, sinusitis, skin infections, UTI
Coverage: Gram + cocci, gram + rods, Listeria, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis
Ampicillin/Sulbactam & Amox/Clav - CORRECT ANSWER: *Extended spectrum
penicillin*
Used for: intra-abdominal infections (amnionitis, peritonitis, diverticulitis), pelvic
infections, bite wounds, CAP, aspiration pna, UTI, endocarditis, CLABSIs
Coverage: Staphylococci, H. influenzae, N. gonorrhoeae, salmonella, shigella, E. Coli,
K. pneumoniae, bacteriodes
Anaphylactic Shock Hemodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER: CO/CI: Low
CVP: Low
PCWP: Low
SVR: Low
