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NDSU Psychology 111 - Exam 3 Study Guide
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NDSU Psychology 111 - Exam 3Study Guide
Memory - Answer the mental capacity to encode, store, and retrieve information
Explicit Memory - Answer conscious effort to encode or recover info through memory
processes
Implicit Memory - Answer availability of info through memory processes without
conscious effort to encode or recover info
Declarative Memory - Answer memory for info such as facts and life events
Procedural Memory - Answer memory for how things get done; the way perceptual,
cognitive, and motor skills are acquired, retained, and used
Encoding - Answer the process by which a mental representation is formed in memory
Storage - Answer the retention of encoded information over time
Retrieval - Answer the recovery of stored info from memory
Iconic Memory - Answer memory system in the visual domain that allows large amounts
of information to be stored for very brief durations
Short Term Memory - Answer has a limited capacity and stores info for only a short
length of time without rehearsal
Chunking - Answer Combining small pieces of information into larger clusters or chunks
that are more easily held in short-term memory.
Working Memory - Answer used to accomplish tasks such as reasoning and language
comprehension; consists of the phonological loop (auditory), visuospatial sketchpad
(visual info), episodic buffer (life events), central executive (plans, problem solves, and
decisions)
Long Term Memory - Answer memory processes associated with the preservation of
information for retrieval at any later time
Retrieval Cues - Answer Internally or externally generated stimuli available to help with
the retrieval of a memory.
Recall - Answer the method of retrieval in which an individual is required to reproduce
the info previously presented
Recognition - Answer a method of retrieval in which an individual is required to identify
stimuli as having been experienced before
, Episodic Memory - Answer long-term memory for an autobiographical event and the
context in which it occurred
Semantic Memory - Answer generic, categorical memory, such as the meaning of words
and concepts
Encoding Specificity - Answer the principle that subsequent retrieval of information is
enhanced if cues received at the time of recall are consistent with those present at the
time of encoding
Serial Position Encoding - Answer a characteristic of memory retrieval in which the
recall of beginning and end items on a list better than the items in the middle
Primacy Effect - Answer improved memory for items at the start of a list
Recency Effect - Answer tendency to remember words at the end of a list
Temporal Distinctiveness - Answer the extent to which a particular item stands out from
or is distinct from other items in time
Transfer Appropriate Processing - Answer the perspective that suggests that memory is
best when the type of processing carried out at encoding matches the processes
carried out at retrieval
Levels of Processing Theory - Answer a theory that suggests that the deeper the level at
which information was processed, the more likely it is to be retained in memory
Priming - Answer in the assessment of implicit memory, the advantage conferred by
prior exposure to a word or situation
Proactive Interference - Answer circumstances in which past memories make it more
difficult to encode and retrieve new information
Retroactive Interference - Answer circumstances in which the formation of new
memories makes it more difficult to recover older memories
Elaborative Rehearsal - Answer a technique for improving memory by enriching the
encoding of information
Mnemonic - Answer strategy or device that uses familiar information during the
encoding of new information to enhance subsequent access to the information in
memory
Metamemory - Answer implicit or explicit knowledge about memory abilities and
effective memory strategies; cognition about memory
Concepts - Answer Mental representations of categories of items or ideas, based on
experience.
Schema - Answer a conceptual framework a person uses to make sense of the world
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