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UMD BSCI 330 exam 2 Study Guide Solutions

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UMD BSCI 330 exam 2 Study Guide Solutions Protein Translation - ANSWER-20 different amino acids -triple nucleotide code= 64 different combinations codon - ANSWER-set of 3 nucleotides -most amino acids have multiple corresponding codons tRNA - ANSWER-matches amino acids with codons -amino aci...

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  • October 31, 2024
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  • UMD BSCI 330
  • UMD BSCI 330
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UMD BSCI 330 exam 2 Study Guide

Solutions


Protein Translation - ANSWER✔✔-20 different amino acids


-triple nucleotide code= 64 different combinations


codon - ANSWER✔✔-set of 3 nucleotides


-most amino acids have multiple corresponding codons


tRNA - ANSWER✔✔-matches amino acids with codons


-amino acid is covalently attached to the 3' end of the tRNA


-contains loop with an anticodon that is complementary to the appropriate amino acids codon


Amino acid activation - ANSWER✔✔--first activated by conjugation to AMP (energetically expensive)

then the aa is transferred to tRNA, resulting in a high energy bond


Proofreads translation - ANSWER✔✔-Synthetase, each aa has a distinct synthetase which proofreads for

accuracy




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ribsozyme - ANSWER✔✔-rRNAs make up the structural and catalytic core


Ribosome function - ANSWER✔✔-reads mRNA from 5 to 3, reading 3 bases at a time


-ribosome chooses one of three potential rwading frames


How does translation begin? - ANSWER✔✔-codon AUG (Met)- which uses a special initiator tRNA that

differs from the Met tRNA used for the rest of translation


Elongation Factors - ANSWER✔✔--prokaryotes- EF-tu/EF-g


euk- EF1/2


- use GTPase activity to allow proofreading and to speed up ribosome translation


How does translation terminate? - ANSWER✔✔--stop codon (UAA, UAG,UGA)


-instead of tRNA, release factor binds to ribosome, causing hydrolysis of the peptidyl tRNA, releasing the

completed protein


-ribosome dissociates into its subunits, releasing mRNA, release factor, and tRNA


polyribosome - ANSWER✔✔--a single mRNA may thus have several ribosomes translating simultaneously


Antibiotics and protein synthesis - ANSWER✔✔--protein synthesis inhibitors


-most effect only prokaryotes, but sometimes can also affect ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts

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mRNA and protein synthesis are very energetically - ANSWER✔✔-adding each subunit requires the

conversion of an NTP to an NMP, equivalent to hydrolyzing 2 ATPS to ADP


-elongation step consume multiple ATP/GTP


-splicing and proofreading use up even more ATP/GTP molecules


The 3D structure of a protein determines its _________ - ANSWER✔✔-function


describe the structure of primary proteins - ANSWER✔✔--linear sequence of amino acid residue


-determined by mRNA code


the structure of primary amino acids is dependent on? - ANSWER✔✔--covalent binds b/t amino acids in

linear sequence


-determines secondary tertiary and quaternary structures in combination with proteins environment


describe structure of secondary proteins - ANSWER✔✔--folding & twisting of peptide backbone


-NO amino acid side chain interactions


_R groups stick out from backbone


the structure of secondary protein is dependent on? - ANSWER✔✔-weak H-bonds b/t C=O carbonyl & N-

H amine groups in backbone



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