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First Aid USMLE Step 1: Biochemistry Exam Study Questions and Answers

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First Aid USMLE Step 1: Biochemistry Exam Study Questions and Answers What is a nucleoside? What is a nucleotide? Which are the purines? Which are the pyrimidines? - ANSWER-Side = base + (deoxy)ribose [sugar] Tide = base + (deoxy)ribose [sugar] + phosphaTe *Which are the purines?* ©EMILLEC...

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  • October 31, 2024
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First Aid USMLE Step 1: Biochemistry

Exam Study Questions and Answers


What is a nucleoside?




What is a nucleotide?




Which are the purines?




Which are the pyrimidines? - ANSWER✔✔-Side = base + (deoxy)ribose [sugar]




Tide = base + (deoxy)ribose [sugar] + phosphaTe




*Which are the purines?*


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, ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




"pure as gold" = Adenosine, Guanosine




*Which are the pyrimidines?*


"CUT the pyramid" = Cytosine, Uracil, Thymine


In the nucleotide synthesis pathway, describe how purine synthesis differs from pyrimidine synthesis.




Fr the following drugs, describe how they interfere with purine or pyrimidine synthesis.




Leflunomide


Methotrexatem Trimethoprim and Pyrimethamine


5-Fluorouracil


6-Mercaptopurine


Mycophenolate and Ribavirin


Hydroxyurea - ANSWER✔✔-*Disrupt pyrimidine synthesis*




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, ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




*Leflunomide: *inhibits dihydroorate dehydrogenase


*Methotrexatem Trimethoprim and Pyrimethamine: inhibit dihydrofolate reductase, resulting in

decreased dTMP in humans, bacteria and protozoa respectively.


5-Fluorouracil*: inhibits thymidylate syhtnase


*Disrupt purine synthesis*


*6-Mercaptopurine* (6-MP): and its prodrug azathioprine inhibit de novo purine synthesis




*Mycophenolate and Ribavirin*: inhibit inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase




*Disrupt purine and pyrimidine synthesis*


*Hydroxyurea*: inhibits nucleotide reductase


Adenosine deaminase deficiency


*metabolic deficiency:*


*symptoms:* - ANSWER✔✔-*metabolic deficiency:*


- absence of adenosine deaminase resulting in increased dATP which is toxic to lymphocytes

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, ©EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




- one of the major causes of autosomal recessive SCID




*symptoms:*


Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome


*pattern of inheritance*:


*metabolic deficiency:*


*symptoms:* - ANSWER✔✔-*pattern of inheritance*:


- x-linked recessive




*metabolic deficiency:*


- defective purine salvage due to absence of HGPRT which converts hypoxanthine to IMP and guanine to

GMP


- this results in excess uric acid production and de novo purine synthesis




*symptoms:*

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