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Advanced Pathophysiology- Endocrine Test Questions and Correct Answers (Graded A+) $7.99   Add to cart

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Advanced Pathophysiology- Endocrine Test Questions and Correct Answers (Graded A+)

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Advanced Pathophysiology- Endocrine Test Questions and Correct Answers (Graded A+) hormones - Answers Chemical messengers involved in cell signaling Steroid hormones-Testosterone/Progesterone Peptide Hormones-ADH / Oxytocin Amino Acid Hormones- Norepinephrine / epinephrine endocrine disorders:...

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  • October 31, 2024
  • 13
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • Advanced Pathophysiology
  • Advanced Pathophysiology
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TutorJosh
Advanced Pathophysiology- Endocrine Test Questions and Correct Answers (Graded A+)

hormones - Answers Chemical messengers involved in cell signaling

Steroid hormones-Testosterone/Progesterone

Peptide Hormones-ADH / Oxytocin

Amino Acid Hormones- Norepinephrine / epinephrine

endocrine disorders: general mechanisms - Answers Hyposecretion

Gland failure

Autoimmune

Lack of trophic signals



Hypersecretion

Secreting tumors

Autoimmune disease



Hyporesponsiveness

Receptor dysfunction

diabetes - Answers Type 1:

-autoimmune

-Absolute insulin deficiency



Type 2

-metabolic syndrome

-Insulin resistance

thyroid disease - Answers Hyper: Elevated Basal Metabolic rate

Hypo: Decreased basal metabolic rate

, adrenal disease - Answers Hyper: Cushing Syndrome/disease

Hypo: Adrenal insufficiency

fed vs. fasting state - Answers fed: GI tract sends glucose to blood stream where it goes to neural tissue,
liver (which does glycogenesis), muscle tissue (glycogenesis and glycolysis), gets stored in adipose tissue,
and signals pancreas to release insulin into blood stream



fasting: liver releases glucose in blood via glycogenolysis & gluconeogenesis. glucose in blood goes to
neural tissue & muscle tissue. adipose tissue breaks down and sends free fatty acids in blood. muscle
takes up free fatty acids. pancreas secretes glucagon in blood

thyroid response system - Answers various signals (cold, stress) cause hypothalamus to produce TRH and
act on pituitary glands which causes TSH to signal thyroid gland to release T3 and T4 resulting in actions
on body organs, increased metabolism, growth and development, increased catecholamine effect. t3
and t4 send negative feedback to pituitary and hypothalamus

adrenal gland structure - Answers composed of: zona glomerulosa (aldosterone)=outermost portion.
zona fasciculata (cortisol)=middle portion. medulla=innermost which is surrounded by zona reticularis
(androgens)

RAAS loop - Answers when incoming BP in kidneys drops below certain level, the juxtaglomerular
apparatus secretes renin into blood. renin an enzyme causes angiotensinogen (a normal constituent of
blood) to be converted to form angiotensin 1. angiotensin 1 circulates to the lungs, where converting
enzymes in capillaries split the molecule forming angiotensin 2. angiotensin 2 circulates the adrenal
cortex where is stimulates the secretion of aldosterone. aldosterone causes increased reabsorption of
sodium which causes increased water retention. as water is retained, the volume of blood increases. the
increased volume of blood creates higher blood pressure, which then causes the renin secretion to stop

hypothyroidism - Answers Congenital or Acquired

Hashimoto thyroiditis (most common cause of acquired hypothyroidism)

Iodine deficiency

Most cases due to intrinsic (primary) thyroid gland dysfunction



tx:Synthroid

Synthetic thyroid hormone

hyperthyroidism - Answers Graves Disease

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