Exam (elaborations)
PSY 302 Midterm 1 Questions And Answers Latest Update
- Course
- PSY 302
- Institution
- University Of Arizona
PSY 302 Midterm 1 Questions And Answers Latest Update
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Solution 2024/2025Pepper
PSY 302 Midterm 1 Questions And Answers
Latest Update
Sensation ANS✔✔ The process that allows our brains to take in information
via our senses.
Perception ANS✔✔ The brain's interpretation of those signals (conscious
recognition and interpretation of sensations)
-· Stored perceptions = memory
-· Use of stored perceptions = learning
-· Active process --> constantly interpreting the world and searching for
meaning
Sensory transduction ANS✔✔ converting an external stimulus into a neural
event.
Exteroception ANS✔✔ external senses --> vision, audition (hearing),
olfaction (smell), gustation (taste), haptics (touch)
Proprioception ANS✔✔ internal senses balance organs, joints and muscles
(where your body is), skin sensors (pain heat cold)
Naïve Realism ANS✔✔ that we are passive perceivers "we experience the
world the way we do because that is the way it is" - is false
-- Proof: same stimulus can have different interpretations (either to different
people or to the same person over time)
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
What we perceived depends on the processing of information by the brain
ANS✔✔ determined by the output and calculations of our nervous system
What senses are most important? ANS✔✔ Look at the amount of brain that
is devoted to each sense.
--Optic nerve has about 1 million fibers, auditory nerve about 30,000 fibers
(3% optic nerve)
-- 1/3 to ½ of the brain is devoted to vision with the remaining devoted to
everything else
Factors affecting balance ANS✔✔ vision (looming and polarized objects),
touch (pressure on feet), inner ear (rotary acceleration, passive tilt, linear
acceleration)
Hair cells ANS✔✔ · Hair cells exist in the base of the cupula, with movement
the cupula is dragged through the canals endolymph (liquid)
· The stereocilia of the hair cells are then bent to one way or the other, and
the tip links that join them together pull the ion channels that are
mechanically gated to produce excitation or inhibition
o Without links no transduction
· Hair cells have less potassium and are negatively charged (55mv to
70mv), so opening of these mechanically gated ion channels causes an
influx of potassium from the endolymph (80mv)
o These channels open within 10 micro seconds
Otoliths ANS✔✔ o Calcium carbonate rocks "ear stones"
, Solution 2024/2025
Pepper
o Respond to linear acceleration and/or passive tilt (ambiguous signal could
mean either
o Utricle: movements in the horizontal plane
o Saccule: movement in the vertical plane
The illusory climb illusion while flying ANS✔✔ When taking off, both
acceleration and tilt stimulate the otoliths, without horizon, the brain can
interpret acceleration signal as tilt making the pilot feel like the climb is too
steep.
Whether people trust them or vision more? (David Lee's room) ANS✔✔ -
People tend to trust their vision more
- Moving room with stable person (says she's moving)
- then with trolly (says she's not moving)
- then with x2 speed room (says she's moving in opposite direction)
Adaptation (active channel motor driven by Myosin) ANS✔✔ o Evidence due
to electron microscopy
--Negative deflection the gate moves closer to the top of the stereocilium
(kinocilium)
-- Positive deflection the gate moves lower on the kinocilium
o The CA2+ that enters the hair cell binds with sites near the ion channel
and restricts them
Structure, how and what they signal ANS✔✔ o 3 semi circular canals (on
each side) translate rotary acceleration
o Canals full of liquid (endolymph) with a flap of skin (capula) that floats in
the liquid, hair cells exist within the cupula's base
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