Exam (elaborations)
MCPHS Clinical Optometry Exam 2: Questions And Accurate Answers
- Course
- Institution
MCPHS Clinical Optometry Exam 2: Questions And Accurate Answers
[Show more]
Content preview
MCPHS Clinical Optometry Exam 2: Questions AndAccurate Answers
Charles Babbage (1847) Right Ans - developed the first opthalmoscope
Herman von Helmholtx (1851) Right Ans - developed the first "modern"
opthalmoscope
Direct O: Internal illumination system Right Ans - light source (light bulb),
condensing lenses, reflecting prism, apertures (dif sizes/shapes/filters)
Direct O: Observation system Right Ans - peephole, spherical lenses (+/-)
to modify focal length
Indirect opthalmoscopy Right Ans - BIO, fundus (78/90) --> real, inverted
images. Often binocular. Smaller magnification, larger field of view
Direct opthalmoscopy Right Ans - upright, virtual image magnified by
optical system of patient's eye. Monocular. Larger magnification, smaller field
of view
Direct O: Field of view Right Ans - Approx 6.5 degrees; similar to size of the
average optic nerve head; smaller in myopes, larger in hyperopes
Direct o: Magnification Right Ans - approximately 15x; larger in myopes,
smaller in hyperopes
Direct O: steps Right Ans - 1) inspect ocular media from distance (clear,
look for opacities)
2) examine anterior segment (front)
3) examine posterior segment (back)
Clear components of the eye Right Ans - cornea, aqueous humor, crystalline
lens, vitreous humor
Red Reflex Right Ans - reflection off of the retina; stand ~2ft from pt with
no power in O-scope; move side-to-side and up/down; opacities are shadows
, direct o: Ocular media Right Ans - examine aqueous humor and vitreous
w/ direct o -- difficult
direct o: anterior segment Right Ans - move closer and increase (+) power
to within 4-6 inches; evaluate cornea, iris, surrounding tissues.
direct o: posterior segment Right Ans - approach fixating on red reflex;
reduce amount of plus; positioned ~15degrees temporally from pts line of
sight; increases field of view as closer
posterior segment evaluations Right Ans - optic nerve head, peripapillary
area (adjacent to nerve), fundus/vasculature, macula (darker, temporal)
optic nerve head Right Ans - located ~15* nasal from macula and line of
sight --> color, nerve fiber layer, margins, cup/disc ratio, spontaneous venous
pulsation
optic nerve: color Right Ans - normal ONH slight pink - more so towards
rim/border; may have orangish/yellow; very white = pallor
pseudopallor Right Ans - post cataract surgery -- yellow lens removed,
making ONH appear far whiter in appearance
optic nerve: neuroretinal rim Right Ans - most important aspect of optic
nerve -- represents nerve fibers of retina heading towards brain. Look for
abnormal/thinning of neuroretinal rim tissue
ISNT rule Right Ans - normal distribution of neuroretinal rim tissue --
Inferior > Superior > Nasal > Temporal
optic nerve: margins Right Ans - edge of ONH is opening of scleral canal
(hole for all nerve fibers to pass thru) -- sets limit to size of optic disc;
border should be clearly defined and flat in comparison
elevated ONH margins Right Ans - could be a sign of optic nerve
swelling/edema
Peripapillary area Right Ans - surrounding retina just outside disc -- can
have various changes
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller LeCrae. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
62890 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now
