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MCPHS Clinical Optometry Exam 2: Questions And Accurate Answers

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MCPHS Clinical Optometry Exam 2: Questions And Accurate Answers

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  • October 31, 2024
  • 14
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • MCPHS
  • MCPHS
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LeCrae
MCPHS Clinical Optometry Exam 2: Questions And
Accurate Answers

Charles Babbage (1847) Right Ans - developed the first opthalmoscope

Herman von Helmholtx (1851) Right Ans - developed the first "modern"
opthalmoscope

Direct O: Internal illumination system Right Ans - light source (light bulb),
condensing lenses, reflecting prism, apertures (dif sizes/shapes/filters)

Direct O: Observation system Right Ans - peephole, spherical lenses (+/-)
to modify focal length

Indirect opthalmoscopy Right Ans - BIO, fundus (78/90) --> real, inverted
images. Often binocular. Smaller magnification, larger field of view

Direct opthalmoscopy Right Ans - upright, virtual image magnified by
optical system of patient's eye. Monocular. Larger magnification, smaller field
of view

Direct O: Field of view Right Ans - Approx 6.5 degrees; similar to size of the
average optic nerve head; smaller in myopes, larger in hyperopes

Direct o: Magnification Right Ans - approximately 15x; larger in myopes,
smaller in hyperopes

Direct O: steps Right Ans - 1) inspect ocular media from distance (clear,
look for opacities)
2) examine anterior segment (front)
3) examine posterior segment (back)

Clear components of the eye Right Ans - cornea, aqueous humor, crystalline
lens, vitreous humor

Red Reflex Right Ans - reflection off of the retina; stand ~2ft from pt with
no power in O-scope; move side-to-side and up/down; opacities are shadows

, direct o: Ocular media Right Ans - examine aqueous humor and vitreous
w/ direct o -- difficult

direct o: anterior segment Right Ans - move closer and increase (+) power
to within 4-6 inches; evaluate cornea, iris, surrounding tissues.

direct o: posterior segment Right Ans - approach fixating on red reflex;
reduce amount of plus; positioned ~15degrees temporally from pts line of
sight; increases field of view as closer

posterior segment evaluations Right Ans - optic nerve head, peripapillary
area (adjacent to nerve), fundus/vasculature, macula (darker, temporal)

optic nerve head Right Ans - located ~15* nasal from macula and line of
sight --> color, nerve fiber layer, margins, cup/disc ratio, spontaneous venous
pulsation

optic nerve: color Right Ans - normal ONH slight pink - more so towards
rim/border; may have orangish/yellow; very white = pallor

pseudopallor Right Ans - post cataract surgery -- yellow lens removed,
making ONH appear far whiter in appearance

optic nerve: neuroretinal rim Right Ans - most important aspect of optic
nerve -- represents nerve fibers of retina heading towards brain. Look for
abnormal/thinning of neuroretinal rim tissue

ISNT rule Right Ans - normal distribution of neuroretinal rim tissue --
Inferior > Superior > Nasal > Temporal

optic nerve: margins Right Ans - edge of ONH is opening of scleral canal
(hole for all nerve fibers to pass thru) -- sets limit to size of optic disc;
border should be clearly defined and flat in comparison

elevated ONH margins Right Ans - could be a sign of optic nerve
swelling/edema

Peripapillary area Right Ans - surrounding retina just outside disc -- can
have various changes

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