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MCPHS Pathophys Test 1: Questions With Solutions $17.99   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

MCPHS Pathophys Test 1: Questions With Solutions

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MCPHS Pathophys Test 1: Questions With Solutions

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  • October 31, 2024
  • 19
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • MCPHS
  • MCPHS
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LeCrae
MCPHS Pathophys Test 1: Questions With Solutions

Pathophysiology Right Ans - Study of the disordered physiological
processes
associated with disease or injury

Etiology Right Ans - Cause of disease, can be genetic (inherited mutations
or variants) or Acquired (Infection, nutrition, chemical, physical). Usually
multifactorial

Pathogenesis Right Ans - sequence of cellular, biochemical, and molecular
events that follow exposure to an injurious agent

Cellular Housekeeping Right Ans - Normal cell function including
protection, movement, nutrition, communication, catabolism, and energy
generation. These genes are constantly active

Plasma Membrane Right Ans - Phospholipid bilayer for protection and
nutrient acquisition. passive diffution of small nonpolar molecules (O2, CO2,
Steroids)

Channel Protein Right Ans - Hydrophillic pores in membrane that allow
passive diffusion of solutes

Carrier protein Right Ans - Protein in cell membrane the changes
conformation to permit active diffusion across membrane

Receptor mediated transport Right Ans - Endocytosis, exocytosis,
transcytosis

Microtubules Right Ans - Cytoskeletal protein - Thickest, most versatile,
maintains cell shape, mitosis aide, can form flagella/cilia

Intermediate filaments Right Ans - Cytoskeletal protein - Medium size,
maintains cell shape

Actin microfilaments Right Ans - Cystoskeletal protein- thinnest, give
shape, allow transport between organelles

,Occluding Junction (tight junction) Right Ans - Prevents diffusion of
molecules between cells (paracellular)

Anchoring junctions (desmosomes) Right Ans - Attach cells and
intracellular cytoskeletons to other cells or the ECM. Small gap between cells
allowing substances to pass in between

Communication Junctions (gap junctions) Right Ans - 1/5-2nm pores
(called connexons) allowing cell to cell communications

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Right Ans - Site of synthesis of
transmembrane proteins and lipids (Rough ER has ribosomes)

Chaperone Molecules Right Ans - retain proteins in ER until protein folding
is complete

Smooth ER Right Ans - Synthesize steroid hormones (in gonads/adrenals),
catabolize lipid soluble molecules (in liver), and sequester intracellular
calcium (for apoptosis)

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Right Ans - Smooth ER in muscle cells holding
calcium for muscle contration

Golgi Apparatus Right Ans - process and pack secretory proteins

Lysosomal degredation Right Ans - Break down "anything" with hydrolases
(pH<5)

Heterophagy Right Ans - Endosomes or phagosomes fuse with
lysosomes to facilitate the degradation
of their internalized contents

Autophagy Right Ans - Senescent organelles or denatured
proteins are encircled with a double
membrane which fuses with the
lysosome and degraded

Proteasome Degradation Right Ans - Breakdown of protein. Ubiquitin tags
misfolded proteins which are then degraded by Proteasomes

, Mitochondria Right Ans - Originally prokaryote engulfed by early
eukaryote. Contain their own DNA. Perform Oxidative Phosphorylation,
Apoptosis, and Anabolism

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Right Ans - Produced at low levels from
oxidative phosphorylation. Usually nontoxic with natural antioxidants
(superoxidase dismutase, catalase, and gutathione). Increased ROS from
hypoxia or toxic injury will cause cell cycle arrest or apoptosis

Necrosis Right Ans - External agent causing no more energy and
mitochondrial membrane damage. Cell swells and causes inflammation

Apoptosis Right Ans - Programmed cell death from external or internal
agents. Cytochrome C release from Mitochondria activates Caspase. Cell
shrinks, no inflammation

Cell Signaling Right Ans - damaged cell contacts neighbor cells (gap
junction), ECM (integrins), and further cells (hormones and cytokines)

Cell signalling types Right Ans - Autocrine- self
Endocrine- distant cell
Paracrine- neighbor cell

Intracellular receptors Right Ans - Include transcription factors activated
by lipid soluble ligands

Cell surface receptors Right Ans - transmembrane proteins that bind
extracellular ligands

Cell receptor actions Right Ans - open ion channels, activate G protein,
activate enzyme (RTK), or trigger proteolytic event to activate transcription
factor

Growth Factors Right Ans - Promote celly cycle entry and progression.
Prevents apoptosis

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