Summary
Summary Calorimetry in Chemistry
- Course
- CHM 101
- Institution
- University Of North Carolina At Wilmington
Calorimetry in Chemistry, definition and uses
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Calorimetry is the science of measuring the heat absorbed or released during a chemicalreaction or physical change. It helps in understanding energy changes and the thermodynamic
properties of substances.
Types of Calorimetry
1. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC):
○ Measures heat flow into or out of a sample as a function of temperature.
○ Useful for studying phase transitions (melting, crystallization).
2. Bomb Calorimetry:
○ Used for measuring the heat of combustion.
○ A sample is placed in a bomb (a sealed container) filled with oxygen.
○ The combustion reaction produces heat, which is measured by the temperature
change in the surrounding water.
3. Solution Calorimetry:
○ Measures the heat changes in solution reactions.
○ Often used for dissolving salts in water or chemical reactions in solution.
Key Concepts
● Heat Capacity (C): The amount of heat required to change the temperature of a
substance by one degree Celsius.
● Specific Heat (c): The heat capacity per unit mass, often expressed in J/g°C.
C=m⋅cC = m \cdot cC=m⋅c
● Enthalpy (ΔH): The heat content of a system at constant pressure. It reflects the total
energy of a system, including internal energy and the energy associated with pressure
and volume.
○ Exothermic Reactions: Release heat (ΔH < 0).
○ Endothermic Reactions: Absorb heat (ΔH > 0).
Calorimetry Equations
● q = mcΔT:
○ qqq = heat absorbed or released (in joules)
○ mmm = mass of the substance (in grams)
○ ccc = specific heat capacity (in J/g°C)
○ ΔTΔTΔT = change in temperature (final - initial)
● Using Bomb Calorimetry:
○ The energy released can be calculated from the temperature change of the water
in the calorimeter.
● q=Ccal⋅ΔTq = C_{cal} \cdot ΔTq=Ccal⋅ΔT
○ Where CcalC_{cal}Ccal is the heat capacity of the calorimeter.
Applications
● Thermochemical Calculations: Helps in calculating enthalpy changes for reactions.
● Material Science: Understanding thermal properties of materials.
● Biochemistry: Measuring metabolic rates and reaction energetics.
● Environmental Science: Assessing energy content in fuels and biological materials.
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