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ZOO 4234 EXAM #1 QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
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ZOO 4234 EXAM #1 QUESTIONS WITH 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
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ZOO 4234 EXAM #1 QUESTIONS WITH100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
Parasitology CORRECT ANSWERS Study of the most common mode of life on earth
- centered on animal parasites of humans, domestic animals, and wildlife
parasite CORRECT ANSWERS an organism that lives in or on another organism (host)
and either harms the host or lives at the expense of the host
Why is parasitology important? CORRECT ANSWERS - parasite resistance
- insecticide resistance
- increased mobility (popularity in tropics and subtropics
- migrations of refugees from war-torn areas
- military service personnel coming from abroad
- modifications of the environment
- climate change (disease spreads from tropics to temperate regions)
- immunosuppression becoming widespread:
-AIDS; cancer chemotherapy; and organ transplantation
- indiscriminate release of toxic chemicals and carcinogens into environment
Neutralism (0,0) CORRECT ANSWERS is a lack of benefit experienced by either
members of the pair of interacting organisms
- fitness of one species has no effect on that of the other
competition (-,-) CORRECT ANSWERS some degree of overlap in ecological niches of
two populations in the same community, such that both depend on the same food
source, shelter, or other resources, and negatively affect each other's survival
- EX: carnivorous animals compete for prey/bladderwort plant (Utricularia) compete with
tiny fish for small crustaceans and insects
Phoersis CORRECT ANSWERS form of symbiosis when the symbiont (phoront) is
mechanically carried about by its host; neither is physiologically dependent on the other
- EX: bacteria on legs of fly/ human botfly (dermatobia hominis)
Protocooperation (+/+) CORRECT ANSWERS a mutually beneficial symbiosis b/w
organisms in which the interaction is NOT physiologically necessary to the survival of
either
- EX: ants and aphids
Mutualism (+/+) CORRECT ANSWERS A relationship between two species in which
both species benefit
- usually obligatory
- in most cases there is physiological dependence
- EX: termites and intestinal protozoan fauna
, Commensalism (+/0) CORRECT ANSWERS A relationship between two organisms in
which one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped by association
(means "eating at the same table")
- EX: pilot fish and remoras
Amensalism ( - / 0 ) CORRECT ANSWERS Asymmetrical interaction in which one
organism causes a negative effect on another without being positively or negatively
affected in return
- EX: bread mold Penicillium that produces penicillin, an antibiotic that kills bacteria
Predation ( + / - ) CORRECT ANSWERS an interaction in which one animal typically
kills and consumes another animal
Parasitism ( + / - ) CORRECT ANSWERS a symbiotic relationship in which one
organism benefits at the expense of the host
- EX: human infected w/ Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis)
Predator vs. Parasite CORRECT ANSWERS -both exert force and gain benefits
-predator is larger than prey
-parasite is smaller than host
predator population grows slower than prey population
-parasite population increases faster than host
predator uses many prey items during lifespan
parasite uses 4 or less hosts to complete generation
-predator prey interactions are often generalized
-parasite host interactions are often specific
Macroparasites CORRECT ANSWERS large parasite that does NOT multiply in the
host of interest
- do NOT induce lasting immunity
- have more stable populations and cause endemic diseases
- EX: helminths/arthropods
Microparasites CORRECT ANSWERS multiply within hosts, usually within cells
(bacteria and viruses)
- induce a lasting immunity
- have unstable populations and cause epidemic diseases
obligate parasites CORRECT ANSWERS must spend at least some of their life cycle in
or on a host
Facultative parasite CORRECT ANSWERS prefers dead organic matter as a source of
nutrition but can adapt to the use of living organic matter under certain conditions.
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