Exam (elaborations)
TIMBY MED-SURG CHAPTERS 38 & 39
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TIMBY MED-SURG CHAPTERS 38 & 39
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TIMBY MED-SURG CHAPTERS 38 & 39What are the types of headaches? - Answers- 1. *Tension* Headache
2. *Migraine* Headache
3. *Cluster* Heachache
Causes for *Migraine* headaches - Answers- 1. Changes in *serotonin receptors*
2. Dilation of cerebral *blood vessels*
3. *Neurochemicals* from *Trigeminal Nerve*
4. Fluctuation in *reproductive hormones*
5. *Chemicals in certain foods*
6. *Drugs*
Why do we take *Imitrex* for Migraines? - Answers- Take for the *onset of symptoms*
What is a *noninvasive* way to treat Migraine pain? - Answers- BiofeedBack Technique
What will you find in a person with *Cluster* headaches? - Answers- -*Unilateral*
-More Common: *MEN*
-During: *Impossible to sit still*
What will you find in a person with *Tension* headaches? - Answers- -Most Common
-Constant dull ache on *both sides of head*
What does TIA stand for? - Answers- Transient Ischemic Attack
What are *teachings for discharge* with after a person has had a TIA? - Answers- Daily
dose of Aspirin
What can cause a TIA? - Answers- 1. Atherosclerosis
2. Arteriosclerosis
3. Cardiac Disease
4. Diabetes
Listening (Auscultation) to the carotid artery may reveal what with a TIA? - Answers-
Bruit
What is a *Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)*? - Answers- Prolonged interruption in the
flow of blood through one of the arteries supplying the brain
Types of *Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)* - Answers- 1. Ischemic
2. Hemorrhagic
*Diet* for person after Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) with dysphagia (difficulty
swallowing)? - Answers- Don't give thin liquids
, -- Use Thickening Agent --
How does a *nurse interact* with a patient who has *expressive aphasia* after a
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)? - Answers- -Don't rush them
-Speak at a slower rate
-Look at them while they attempt to speak
-Give them time to respond
What will you see with Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)? - Answers- -Speech
Disturbances
-Loss in vision
-Paralysis on one side
-Confusion & Changes in Consciousness
-Numbness & Weakness
What is Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) a *warning* for? - Answers- *Cerebrovascular
Accident (CVA)*: Stroke
Risk factors for Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) - Answers- -Smoking
-Hypotension
-High Cholesterol
-*Birth Control*
-*Race: African American*
Stoke on left side/right side of the brain what side of the body does it affect? - Answers-
Left Side Brain: *Right Side Body*: Poor Judgment
Right Side Brain: *Left Side Body*: Expressive Aphasia and Slow/Cautious Behavior
What is the antidote for anticoagulants? - Answers- Vitamin K
What is a cerebral aneurysm? - Answers- Weakened area in the blood vessel wall
Patient comes in with cerebral aneurysm, what should nurse do for them? - Answers-
*Elevate HOB* to reduce ICP
Collection of blood between the skull the dura *(above the dura)* - Answers- *Epidural
Hematoma*
Blood *Gradually accumulating* in the space *below the dura* - Answers- *Subdural
Hematoma*
--can be *Acute, subacute, and chronic--
What do you see with *Epidural Hematoma*? - Answers- *Rapidly* progressive
neurologic deterioration
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