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NUR 504 ALL TOPICS FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATEST UPDATED.
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NUR 504 ALL TOPICS FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATEST UPDATED.
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NUR 504 ALL TOPICS FINAL EXAMSTUDY GUIDE LATEST UPDATED.
Tricuspid regurgitation
✔✔Black flow of RV to RA
Right sided HF, ascites, thrombus
Surgery if it is only severe
Pulmonic Valve Disease
✔✔Very rare, more common in female, happens early in life
Mechanical valve
✔✔Anticoagulant for life, because body sees it as foreign for the rest of their
life
higher rate for clots and body sees it as foreign, infection
Cardiac Ouput (CO)
✔✔stroke volume x heart rate
•Normal SV 50-100mL/beat
•Normal HR (60-100BPM)
•Normal CO (4 - 8 liters/min)
Stroke Volume (SV)
✔✔The volume of blood pumped forward with each ventricular contraction.
,Cardiac Index (CI)
✔✔Cardiac output (CO) / body surface area (BSA)
2.5-4 liters/min/m2
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
✔✔in critical care want the MAP is be over 60
Arterial line
✔✔in radial artery, alans test, occlude arteries with finger, release ulnar to
make sure the hand will re perfuse
need to know ulnar is patent so that hand will be perfused with radial artery
with line in
Swan gan catheter
✔✔goes into pulmonary artery, measures pressures on right side of the
heart, high risk of infection, stroke volume, CO, CI, MAP, central venous
pressure (CVP)
CVP - 2-6 mm hg
Flow track → attaches to A line, good picture of the heart, CO, CI
,Inotropic drugs
✔✔dobutamine, milrinone, digoxin, dopamine, Epinephrine
Increase strength of contractility, increase SV, EF
Vasoconstrictors
✔✔norepinephrine (I), epinephrine (I), dopamine, phenylephrine,
vasopressin
pacemaker of the heart
✔✔SA node: intrinsic rate= 60-100
AV node (40-60 bpm) takes over if SA node is not working but at a slower rate
If both are not working then the bundle works but is too low for life
Automaticity → cardiac cells can give an impulse by themselves
Heart Rhythm Strip Time Ranges
✔✔rhythm strip: small box → 0.04 seconds
rhythm strip: large box → 0.2 seconds
PR interval= 0.12-0.20 (Atria)
QRS Complex = .08-0.12 (Ventricles)
R to R = space between each R to R should be the same to call the rhythm
regular.
, ST segment = elevated/depressed is ischemia
irregular rhythms
✔✔Sinus Arrhythmia
A Fib
Ventricular Fibrillation
Sinus Bradycardia
✔✔•if sleeping, young or physically fit its normal
Compare to baseline don't always treat it unless have symptoms
If not any of those 3.
•Notify Provider
•EKG
•Atropine
Sinus Tachycardia
✔✔•Notify Provider
•EKG
•Find underlying cause- caffeine, infection, hypovolemia, bleeding, tissue
hypoxia.
•B/P, oxygen, pulses.
compensation, not enough blood to tissues
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