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Bio 253 exam 2 2024/2025 Questions And Answers
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Bio 253 exam 2 2024/2025 Questions And Answers Bio 253 exam 2 2024/2025 Questions And Answers Bio 253 exam 2 2024/2025 Questions And Answers
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Bio 253 exam 2what is the nervous system - ANS *the master controlling and communicating system of the body
*consists of the CNS and the PNS
what is the function of the CNS - ANS integrating information from internal and external environments
the CNS consists of what 2 things - ANS *brain
*spinal cord
what is the function of the PNS - ANS communication between the CNS and the rest of the body
the PNS consists of what 2 things - ANS *cranial nerves
*spinal nerves
the PNS has 2 main groups, what are they - ANS *somatic nervous system -> skeletal muscles are
effectors, voluntary
*autonomic nervous system -> smooth + cardiac muscles, glands, involuntary
multipolar neurons - ANS *lots of processes
*most common type of neurons in the NS
*mostly motor neurons
bipolar neurons - ANS *two processes
*found in eyes, ears, nose (example -> rods and cones)
,unipolar neurons - ANS *one process
*sensory
*cell bodies are in ganglia
astrocytes - ANS *connects neurons to blood vessels, exchanges nutrients and growth factors
*parts of blood brain barrier
*from scar tissue
oligodendrocytes - ANS *myelinate axons in the CNS
*provides structural support
microglia - ANS *phagocytic cell
*provides structural support
ependymal cells - ANS *line central canal of spinal cord and ventricles of the brain
*help regulate composition and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid
*cuboidal or columnar cells
*CSF produced
schwann cells - ANS *produce myelin in PNS
nodes of ranvier - ANS gaps in the myelin sheath between schwann cells (helps speed up)
multiple sclerosis (MS) - ANS *destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS by a immune
response
*myelin is attacked by a person's own antibodies
, *fatigue, mood problems, blurred vision, weak, numb limbs
*treatments involve drugs that suppress the immune system
action potential - ANS *action potential occurs when the threshold potential is reached
*made up of depolarization and repolarization
*Na+ ions diffuse into the cell, and membrane depolarizes
*K+ diffuses out of the cell, and cell repolarizes
***Resting membrane sodium is found on the outside and potassium is found on the inside
refractory period - ANS *absolute refractory period -> no conduction / can't fire a impulse
*relative refractory period
dura mater - ANS outermost layer of the meninges
arachnoid mater - ANS middle layer of the meninges
pia matter - ANS outer layer of the meninges
cauda equine - ANS collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord
what are the major portions of the brain - ANS *cerebellum
*diencephalon
*cerebrum
*brain stem
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