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MDSC 321 Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved | Graded A+ immunology *functional definition* - how many organism interacts with the biological world. every living thing has a form of immunity. immuno provides a set of skills to allow you to question and understand these interactions; formula...

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  • November 1, 2024
  • 90
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
MDSC 321 Exam Questions and Answers

100% Solved | Graded A+


immunology *functional definition* - ✔✔how many organism interacts with

the biological world. every living thing has a form of immunity. immuno

provides a set of skills to allow you to question and understand these

interactions; formulate answers based on evidence

immunology *dictionary definition* - ✔✔from Latin "Immunis" meaning

exemption from service/duty, and later exemption from disease.

MODERN DEFINITION: Science of how our body recognizes itself, and

how it produces soluble and cellular defenses --> cellular defenses to

DISEASE

disease - ✔✔pattern of response of a living organism to some form of

injury. immune system responds to any form of injury

some cellular defenses against... - ✔✔pathogens, allergies, transplants,

mutated cells (cancer) --> when immune system fails to attack mutated

cells, tumour grows.

Thucydides - ✔✔- man's earliest attempt to define immunity

,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
- *Justinian Plague*: killed 30-50 million about half the population. burned

bodies left and right.

- no knowledge of germ theory or disease, that bacteria existed

- doctors with beak masks and large coat "healed" people. thought to be

airborne

- ppl who survived were given the most compassion because they

experienced the disease and now had no fear

- could not be infected again

- first observation of immunization -->. try to formulate answers based on

evidence

celsus - ✔✔*cardinal signs of inflammation* that occur during ALL forms of

inflammation. purposefully done by our immune system to protect us:

- Rubor (redness): more blood cells to site

- Tumor (Swelling): fluid goes to area

- Calor (heat): cells are metabolizing more

- Dolor (pain): immune molecules we secrete kill intruders as well as our

own cells. pain stops us from using that part of the body so we can heal

and repair

,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Galen - ✔✔5th cardinal sign of inflammation: *Functio Laesa*: loss of

function, for our own protection!! to heal!! and prevent us from harming it

some more

chinese in 12th century - ✔✔inhaled ground crusts (scab powder) from

small pox pustules. contained a weakened live virus. mildly sick but got

immunity!

turks in 12th century - ✔✔inserted crusts (scab powder) from small pox

pustules into small cuts in skin. dragged scalpels across the body and put

powder in the cuts. mildly sick but immune!

smallpox facts - ✔✔30-80% fatality or 8/10. worst disease ever

lady mary wortley montague - ✔✔- wife of the British ambassador to

Constantinople

- allowed her children to be vaccinated against smallpox, against husband's

will

- introduced technique to Britain when she returned and western world

- vaccines were not recognized by western medicine. immunity only

occurred in marginalized communities until HER !

Edward Jenner - ✔✔- one of the most famous people in immunology

, ©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
- noticed that military (despite crowded living condition), farmers, and

milkmaids never got smallpox. they worked with horses

- cowpox produced similar symptoms to smallpox.

_ "golden age of immunology" where ethics boards didn't exist. he was able

to infect an unwilling boy with cowpox

- earliest form of immunization and had anti vaxxers

- since 1975, vaccines for smallpox were not given

John Snow - ✔✔- cholera outbreak in Broad Street, London. 127 dead in 3

days, 500 by 10 days.

- centred around a public well, which snow thought was contaminated

- once he removed the pump handle so people couldn't drink from that well,

outbreak ended

- first example of community based epidemiology where we can track

source of infection

cholera - ✔✔infection from drinking contaminated water. causes diarrhea

Robert Koch - ✔✔- formulated Koch's Postulates

- discovered that microbes cause wounds to go septic (cause infection and

pus-y wounds). if we can keep microbes out, we would prevent infection

- identified bacteria that causes tuberculosis and cholera

- 1905 Nobel prize

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