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MDSC 321 Final Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved
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MDSC 321 Final Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved What is MHC? - Major histocompatibility complex What was MHC first recognized for? - Self/non-self discrimination in transplant rejection What is MHC absolutely essential for? - Displaying an antigen to T-cells What is the only way T-cells...

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  • November 1, 2024
  • 34
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
MDSC 321 Final Exam Questions and

Answers 100% Solved


What is MHC? - ✔✔Major histocompatibility complex

What was MHC first recognized for? - ✔✔Self/non-self discrimination in

transplant rejection

What is MHC absolutely essential for? - ✔✔Displaying an antigen to T-cells

What is the only way T-cells can see antigens? - ✔✔In the context of self

MHC

How many classes of MHC are there? Define them and their function. -

✔✔I - presentations of antigens inside the cell to killer T-cells

II - presentation of extracellular antigens to helper T-cells

III - secreted proteins not involved in antigen presentation

Where is MHC II expressed? - ✔✔Only in membranes of antigen

presenting cells (macrophages and dendritic cells and B-cells)

What are the names of the 3 genes MHC II has? - ✔✔HLA-DP, HLA-DQ,

HLA-DR

,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
How many chains does each MHC II gene have? - ✔✔2 chains - alpha and

beta

Where is MHC I NOT expressed? - ✔✔Red blood cells

How many chains do MHC I genes have? - ✔✔1 chain - alpha

What are the names of the genes MHC I has? - ✔✔HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C

What does polygenic mean? How many genes does MHC have? - ✔✔more

than 1 gene; MHC has 6

True or False: not all MHC molecules within an individual are the same. -

✔✔False. MHC molecules differ between individuals, but are the same

within one.

What is MHC a result of? - ✔✔Polymorphism

What is a polymorphism? How do they arise? - ✔✔multiples alleles in a

gene loci; arise due to mutations

How many MHC are expressed on an antigen presenting cell? Explain

where they come from. - ✔✔(3 MHC I + 3 MHC II from mom) + (3 MHC I +

3 MHC II from dad) = 12

Where does the diversity in an MHC molecule occur? - ✔✔Peptide binding

cleft

,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
What is/are the difference(s) between the peptide binding cleft of MHC I

and II? What do these differences mean? - ✔✔Class I has cleft that is

closed at the end - peptide must be completely contained

Class II has cleft that is open at the end - peptide is exposed flat across the

surface like a hot dog in a bun

What is antigen processing? - ✔✔Degradation of the antigen into peptides

What is antigen presentation? - ✔✔Binding of peptide to MHC and

displaying it to interact with T-cells

What is TAP? - ✔✔Transporter of antigenic peptides

Explain the 5 steps of antigen processing for MHC I. - ✔✔1. Identify

antigens

2. Cleavage of the protein done by proteasome

3. Transport to ER done by TAP

4. Peptides loaded into binding cleft

5. Whole complex transported to surface within vesicles

What stabilizes MHC while it waits for a peptide to be loaded? -

✔✔Chaperone proteins

Explain the 6 steps of antigen processing for MHC II. - ✔✔1. Internalization

of target into phagosome/endosome

, ©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
2. Digest the antigen in the endocytic pathway

3. Make MHC II in the ER

4. Vesicles with MHC II are moved to the Golgi and fuse with

endolysosomes

5. Peptide loaded into binding cleft

6. Transport whole complex to surface within vesicles

How many chains does a TCR have? - ✔✔2

What are the chains of a TCR held together by? - ✔✔Disulfide linkage

What is TCR antigen recognition mediated by? - ✔✔V domain of both

peptide chains

How many hypervariable loops contact the antigen in a TCR? Name them.

- ✔✔1 - CDR3

Is there anything else that contributes to antigen recognition? - ✔✔An

extended looping structure called HV4

True or False: TCR contacts both MHC and the antigen simultaneously. -

✔✔True

Which hypervariable domain does most of the antigen recognition? -

✔✔CDR3

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