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APEA-Cardiovascular- Patho QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A+
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APEA-Cardiovascular- Patho QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A+
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APEA-Cardiovascular- Patho1. A birth defect characterized by a hole in the septum that separates that two upper
chambers of the heart is:
2. ventricular septal defect
3. patent ductus arteriosus
4. atrial septal defect
5. tetralogy of Fallot - ANS-atrial septal defect
6. A common cause of diastolic heart failure is:
7. myocarditis
8. myocardial infarction
9. dilated cardiomyopathy
10. hypertension - ANS-Hypertension
11.
12. long-term hypertension is a common cause of diastolic heart failure.
13. Diastolic dysfunction occurs when the filling of one or both ventricles is impaired
because the ventricle has become less compliant.
14. The heart must pump more forcefully in order to push blood into circulation against
increased vascular resistance.
15. A common symptom of a congenital heart defect is:
16. jugular venous distension
17. hypertension
18. central cyanosis
19. atrial fibrillation - ANS-Central cyanosis
20.
21. congenital heart defects affect oxygen supply due to deformities of blood flow between
heart and lungs & throughout the body, causing symptoms of cyanosis
22. A congenital heart defect that warrants emergency medical and surgical intervention is:
23. an acyanotic defect that increases pulmonary blood flow
24. a cyanotic defect that decreases pulmonary blood flow
25. a stenotic lesion with poor blood flow from ventricles
26. a cyanotic mixed defect with increased pulmonary blood flow - ANS-a cyanotic defect
that decreases pulmonary blood flow
27. A mother states that her young child has been squatting after exertion and is easily
fatigued. The NP suspects:
28. aortic stenosis
29. tetralogy of Fallot
30. atrial septal defect
31. patent ductus arteriosus - ANS-tetralogy of Fallot
32. A patient who is in cardiogenic shock will present with:
33. a high cardiac index
, 34. decreased vascular resistance
35. increased ventricular ejection fraction
36. mixed venous oxygen saturation - ANS-mixed venous oxygen saturation
37.
38. Patients will have a low cardiac index, elevated filling pressures of the left, right, or both
ventricles, and a decreased mixed venous oxygen saturation.
39. A pediatric patient with a ventricular septal defect would have which type of murmur?
40. Mid-diastolic
41. holosystolic
42. atypical systolic
43. mid-systolic - ANS-holosystolic
44.
45. due to an abnormal opening between the ventricles
46. A progressive disease of heart muscle that is characterized by ventricular chamber
enlargement and contractile dysfunction is:
47. acute coronary syndrome
48. cardiac tamponade
49. dilated cardiomyopathy
50. thyrotoxicosis - ANS-dilated cardiomyopathy
51. a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease has been associated with aggressive control of:
52. sodium
53. potassium
54. triglycerides
55. LDLs - ANS-LDLs
56. A variant angina characterized by transient reduction in the luminal diameter within the
coronary artery and consistent with ST elevation is:
57. Classic angina
58. Stable angina
59. Prinzmetal's angina
60. Unstable angina - ANS-Prinzmetal's angina
61. An elevation of which laboratory finding is indicative of a myocardial infarction?
62. Troponin
63. CK-MB
64. BNP
65. Potassium - ANS-Troponin
66. Aortic stenosis may be identified by:
67. a low-intensity, high pitched murmur
68. a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur
69. a high pitched and blowing murmur with a decrescendo configuration
70. a murmur with a rumbling character - ANS-a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur
71. this begins shortly after the first heart sound. S1 is usually normal or soft and the A2
(second heart sound) is usually diminished or absent due to aortic valve calcification &
immobility
72. Atherosclerosis in the lower extremities commonly causes:
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