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LABCE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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LABCE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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LABCE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSWhat is the expected M:E ratio in this slide?
3:1
5:1
1:3
1:5
3:1
This isolate is a catalase negative, gram positive coccus on sheep blood agar. The P
disk has 5µg of optochin and the zone around it is 16 mm. It has been streaked
perpendicular to a beta-lysin producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus. The
presumptive identification is:
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus pyogenes
Viridans Streptococcus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
The type of hypersensitivity reaction associated with macrophage activation, cytokine-
mediated inflammation is:
Type I Anaphylactic (Immediate hypersensitivity)
Type II Cytotoxic (Antibody mediated and antibody dependent, complement mediated
hypersensitivity)
Type III Immune complex mediated hypersensitivity
Type IV Cell mediated hypersensitivity (T-cell dependent)
Type IV Cell mediated hypersensitivity (T-cell dependent)
Type I Immediate hypersensitivity
mast cell-derived mediators (vasoactive amines, lipid mediators, and cytokines).
Cytokine-mediated inflammation involves eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes.
Type I reactions can range from life-threatening anaphylactic reactions to milder
manifestations associated with food allergies.
Type II Antibody-mediated hypersensitivity
associated with complement and Fc receptor-mediated recruitment and activation of
leukocytes (neutrophils and macrophages). Opsonization and phagocytosis of cells.
,Abnormalities in cellular function, e.g., hormone or neurotransmitter receptor signaling.
Types II and III are initiated by the interaction between antibodies, except IgE and
antigen. Three different mechanisms of antibody-mediated injury exist in type II
reactions: (1) Antibody-dependent, complement-mediated cytotoxic reactions
characterized by the interaction of IgG or IgM antibody with the cell-bound antigen. (2)
Antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity that depends on the initial binding of
specific antibodies to target cell surface antigens. (3) Antireceptor antibodies that disturb
the functioning of receptors. Transfusion reactions are an example of an antibody-
dependent, complement-mediated cytotoxic reaction. Hyperacute graft rejection is also
an example of a Type II hypersensitivity reaction.
Type III Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity
associated with complement and Fc receptor-mediated recruitment and activation of
leukocytes and tissue damage secondary to impaired blood flow. Type III reactions are
caused by IgG, IgM, and possibly other antibody types. Immune complexes can cover a
spectrum of biological activities, including suppression or augmentation of the immune
response by interacting with T and B cells; inhibition of tumor cell destruction; and
deposition in blood vessel walls, glomerular membranes, and other sites. These
deposits interrupt normal physiologic processes because of tissue damage secondary
to the activation of complement and resulting activities.
Type IV Cell-mediated hypersensitivity
associated with macrophage activation. Type IV is characterized by direct target cell
lysis and cytokine-mediate inflammation. There are three defining characteristics of type
IV hypersensitivity reactions: (1) Type IV delayed-type hypersensitivity involving
antigen-sensitized T cells or particles that remain phagocytized in a macrophage and
are encountered by previously activated T cells for a second or subsequent time.
Delayed hypersensitivity is a major defense mechanism again various intracellular
pathogens, including mycobacteria, fungi, and certain parasites. (2) Rejection of foreign
tissue grafts, elimination of tumor cells bearing neoantigens. (3) Formation of chronic
granulomas.
Which of the following organisms is Gram-positive?
Pasteurella
Erysipelothrix
Aeromonas
Fusobacterium.
Erysipelothrix
What causes the hemolysis associated with malarial infections?
Multiplication of merozoites within erythrocytes
Invasion of erythrocytes by sporozoites
Host's immunologic response to damaged erythrocytes
Toxins produced by the malarial organisms
Multiplication of merozoites within erythrocytes
Which of the following medications is considered an antineoplastic drug?
Cyclosporine
, Methotrexate
Clozapine
Tacrolimus
Methotrexate
Which of the following conditions/findings is most likely associated with the peripheral
blood picture in the photomicrograph?
Hereditary spherocytosis
Lead poisoning
Transfusion dimorphism
Folic acid deficiency
Transfusion dimorphism
Donation of which apheresis blood product more than once every four weeks requires
monitoring of total plasma protein and antibody levels?
Red cell apheresis
Plateletpheresis
Plasmapheresis
Leukapheresis
Plasmapheresis
Plasma levels of total protein, IgG, and IgM levels must be monitored every four months
in plasmapheresis donors because levels of these and other proteins present in plasma
decrease following plasmapheresis.
What is the BEST technique for monitoring the severity of hemolytic disease of the fetus
and newborn (HDFN)?
Amniocentesis
Doppler ultrasound
Antibody titration
Cordocentesis
Doppler ultrasound
Doppler ultrasonography can measure blood flow velocity, which allows for the severity
of fetal anemia to be determined without invasive methods. This creates a safer
alternative than amniocentesis for fetal monitoring and has largely replaced serial
amniocentesis for predicting the severity of HDFN.
Which of the following viral families contains DNA as its nucleic acid?
Paramyxoviridae
Rhabdoviridae
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