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Pharmacology 5334 Module 2 Exam Questions And Accurate Answers
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Pharmacology 5334 Module 2 Exam Questions AndAccurate Answers
Treatment of choice for oral therapy of UTI's - Answer TMP/SMZ for 3 days;
Nitrofurantoin for 5 days
Second line drugs for UTI - Answer Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin for 3 days
Nitrofurantoin - Answer Urinary tract antiseptic
Nitrofurantoin uses - Answer Lower UTI's; prophylaxis; recurrent lower UTI's. (not
absorbed systemically: cannot be used for anything in the kidneys)
Nitrofurantoin side effects GI effects; pulmonary reactions; hematologic effects;
peripheral neuropathy (demyelination and nerve degeneration can occur and may be
irreversible); hepatotoxicity; birth defects
Methenamine Decomposes to formaldehyde and ammonia; used for chronic lower UTI's;
contraindicated in renal and liver failure; drug interactions - urinary alkalinizers, which
reduce effects, sulfonamides pose risk for crystalluria
Treatment of acute cystitis Single dose therapy: fosfomycin; short-course therapy:
TMP/SMZ 3 days; conventional therapy: nitrofurantoin 7 days
Treatment of acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis First line: TMP/SMZ, ciprofloxacin,
levofloxacin 10-14 days; second line: augmentin, cephalexin
Treatment of complicated UTI TMP/SMZ 7-14 days, ciprofloxacin 7-14 days, levofloxacin
5-14 days, augmentin 7-14 days, cephalexin 7-14 days
,Recurrent UTI treatment Answer Prophylaxis w/ TMP/SMZ 3x/wk for 6 months;TMP qhs
for 6 months; OR nitrofurantoin qhs for 6 months
Acute bacterial prostatitis treatment Answer -floxacins for 2-4 weeks
Testing drug sensitivity Best done with sputum culture-it takes as long as 16 weeks to
get the results; drugs are selected based on patterns of drug resistance in the
community and the patient's immunocompetence; new automated TB assay can identify
sensitivity to rifampin in 2 hours and confirm presence of M. tuberculosis
Multi-drug resistant TB, MDR-TB Resistant to both isoniazid and rifampin
XDR-TB-Resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, all fluoroquinolones, and at least one of the
injectable second-line drugs
First line treatment of TB-Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. Rifapentine
and rifabutin are considered to be first line as well.
Two phases of TB treatment-Answer Induction phase: about 8 weeks, eliminate actively
dividing tubercle bacilli. Continuation phase: 18 weeks to 24 months, eliminate
intracellular persisters
Drug sensitive TB treatment-Answer 8 weeks induction of isoniazid, rifampin,
pyrazinamide and, ethambutol; continuation 18 weeks with isonaizid and rifampin
Isoniazid-resistant TB treatment-Answer Rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide for 6
months
Treatment of Rifampin-resistant TB - Isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide for 18-24
months
, Treatment of MDR-TB and XDR-TB - 24 months with 2nd and 3rd line drugs; poor
prognosis
Patients with TB and HIV+ - More aggressive therapy is required; minimum 6 months of
treatment; rifampin accelerates metabolism of antiretroviral therapy drugs and
decreases their effects
Drugs Adherence in TB Patients - Answer Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) - done
simultaneously with an ongoing assessment of symptoms; Intermittent dosing: 2-3
times/week
Latent TB Tests - Answer TB skin test; interferon Gamma Release Assays
Latent TB treatment - Answer Isoniazid alone for 9 months; isoniazid and rifampin
weekly for 3 months; active TB must be excluded
TB Vaccination - Answer Bacillus Calmette and Guerin (BCG) vaccine
TB-2nd line treatment -Answer Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, kanamycin, amikacin,
capreomycin, stretpomycin, para-aminosalicylic acid, ethonamid cycloserine
Isoniazid -Answer Standard treatment for latent TB; at least 6 months, but 9 months if
possible; risk for liver toxicity
Isoniazid toxicity -Answer Peripheral neuropathy give pyridoxine and vitamin B6
hepatotoxicity optic neuritis anemia
Indication for Rifampin -Answer TB, leprosy, meningococcus carrier
Rifampin adverse effects Answer Hepatotoxic/hepatitis; discoloration of body fluids, ie,
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