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Microbiology- Exam 1 Questions with Solutions 2024
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Microbiology- Exam 1
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Microbiology- Exam 1What are microorganisms? - answer Organisms that are too small to be seen with the
unaided eye.
List the different types of microorganisms, the three domains of life, and where they are
likely to be found. - answer Types:
- Bacteria
- Archaea
- Fungi
- Protozoa
- Algae
- Multicellular Animal
- Parasites
^^ Eukarya
- Viruses
^^ Non-living, acellular
Three Domains:
1. Eurkarya,
2. Archaea,
3. Bacteria
Recognize the system of scientific nomenclature that uses two names: a genus and a
species. - answerGenus- capitalized. Species- not capitalized.
i.e. Escherichia coli.
Describe the impact of microbes, give examples of some destructive and beneficial
actions of microbes - answer• A few are pathogenic (disease-producing)
• Decompose organic waste
• Generate oxygen by photosynthesis
• Produce chemical products such as ethanol, acetone, and vitamins
• Produce fermented foods such as vinegar, cheese, and bread
• Produce products used in manufacturing
(e.g., cellulase) and disease treatment (e.g., insulin)
• Knowledge of microorganisms allows humans to:
• Prevent food spoilage
• Prevent disease
• Understand causes and transmission of disease to prevent epidemics
, Give examples of ancient microbiology. - answer• Yogurt (~8,000 BC)
• Early EgypJans made beer, wine, and bread
• Mosaic Law: eschewing pork and seafood
• Varro 120 BC: "small tiny animals, which cannot be seen with the naked eye, grow in
moist places, these are carried with the air through the nose and mouth into the body
and bring severe illness"
• Black Death (1348 onwards) killed 30-60% of Europe
Cells, organelles, like mitochondria and chloroplasts, and all major metabolic pathways
evolved from early... - answerprokaryotic cells.
Discuss important findings of 17th and 18th century Microbiology. - answer*Robert
Hooke (1665): first discovered the microscope and first to postulate Cell Theory (all
organisms are made up of cells)
*Anton van Leeuwenhoek: first to observe microbes through magnifying lens (called
them "animalcules")
*Edward Jenner: vaccinations. Inoculated pts with cowpox virus who later developed
immunity.
Explain the importance of observations made by Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek. -
answer*Hooke: first marker for cell theory
*van Leeuwenhoek: first for microbe observation**
Compare spontaneous generation and biogenesis using experimental evidence from
Redi, Needham, Spallanzani, and Pasteur. - answer*Spontaneous generation: a vital
force could create life from nonliving matter.
*Biogenesis: living cells arise only from pre-existing cells.
-Redi: mesh/covered/uncovered jars; BIOGENESIS (flies could only grow from previous
flies)
-Needham: jars uncovered for awhile then capped or left open; SPONTANEOUS
GENERATION
-Spallanzani: jars immediately sealed or remain open; BIOGENESIS (no source for
contamination)
-Pasteur: S-shaped neck to allow for air exchange but no microbial contamination;
BIOGENESIS (disproved spontaneous generation)
Summarize in your own words, the germ theory of disease. - answerThe theory that
microorganisms may cause disease in its host.
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