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PDB CEN Cardiovascular Review Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved

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PDB CEN Cardiovascular Review Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved Cardiac output - HR x SV What is stroke volume influenced by? - Contractility Preload Afterload What is preload (volume) evaluated by on right? - Central venous pressure (CVP) When is preload decreased? - When hypovolemic ...

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  • November 1, 2024
  • 19
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • PDB CEN
  • PDB CEN
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NinjaNerd
©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
PDB CEN Cardiovascular Review Exam

Questions and Answers 100% Solved


Cardiac output - ✔✔HR x SV

What is stroke volume influenced by? - ✔✔Contractility

Preload

Afterload

What is preload (volume) evaluated by on right? - ✔✔Central venous

pressure (CVP)

When is preload decreased? - ✔✔When hypovolemic & from vasodilators

When is preload increased? - ✔✔By volume & vasoconstrictors

Treatment to increase preload - ✔✔Fluids/blood

Treatment to decrease preload - ✔✔Diuretics, like Lasix

What is afterload evaluated by? - ✔✔Systemic vascular resistance

When is afterload decreased? - ✔✔In distributive shocks (neurogenic,

septic, and anaphylactic) & by vasodilators

Treatment to increase afterload - ✔✔Vasopressors like norepinephrine

,©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
When is afterload increased? - ✔✔In hypertension, aortic stenosis, and

through other shock compensation

Treatment to decrease afterload - ✔✔Vasodilators like nitroglycerin

What does stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system release and what

does it cause the body to do? - ✔✔Catecholamines, epinephrine, and

norepinephrine, which increases heart rate in response to shock

What does the adrenal gland release and what does it do? -

✔✔Catecholamines, which increases blood sugar through glycogenolysis

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do to the heart? -

✔✔Decreases HR, like vagal response and neurogenic shock (blocks

sympathetic response)

Mean arterial pressure formula - ✔✔((2 x DBP) + SBP) / 3

Pulse pressure (PP) formula - ✔✔SBP - DBP

When is narrowed pulse pressure seen? - ✔✔In early shock

When is widened pulse pressure seen? - ✔✔In increased ICP

What does Cushing Triad indicate? - ✔✔Increased ICP

What is Cushing Triad? - ✔✔Widened pulse pressure or increased SBP

Bradycardia

, ©NINJANERD 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Irregular breathing pattern

What do chronotropes affect? - ✔✔The heart rate at the SA node

What type of -trope is cardizem? - ✔✔A negative chronotrope

What do inotropes affect? - ✔✔Contractility of the heart (the force of the

contraction)

What type of drugs are dopamine and dobutamine? - ✔✔Positive inotropes

What do dromotropes affect? - ✔✔Automaticity of the heart at the AV node

(electrical impulses)

Beta blockers end in... - ✔✔-olol

What do Beta 1 beta-blockers affect? - ✔✔The heart

What do Beta 2 beta-blockers affect? - ✔✔The heart and lungs

What can beta blockers mask signs of? - ✔✔Shock and hypoglycemia

What do angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors affect and what

do they do? - ✔✔The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS); they

block conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2, reducing BP

What are examples of ACE Inhibitors? - ✔✔Lisinopril, Lotensin, Vasotec

What are adverse effects of ACE Inhibitors? - ✔✔Dry nonproductive cough

- most common

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