,drive theory - Correct Answer: as an individuals arousal levels increases, performance will also increase
linearly
Inverted U theory - Correct Answer: arousal facilitates performance up to an optimal level, beyond
which further increases in arousal are associated with reduced performance
Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOF) - Correct Answer: This theory states that the optimal level
of intensity may vary, raining from very low to very high for different individuals, and that a multitude of
inter-individual differences exist across athletes and settings
Cusp Catastrophe Model - Correct Answer: Describes the interactive effects of cognitive anxiety and
physiological arousal on performance
3-dimensional modal
Low levels of cog. anxiety = inverted U pattern
Under low levels of cognitive anxiety, physiological arousal is expected to enhance performance up to a
critical point or threshold
multidimensional anxiety theory - Correct Answer: Cognitive anxiety is negatively related to
performance.
Somatic anxiety is related to performance in an inverted-U pattern. Increases in self-confidence allow for
increases in performance
State Anxiety - Correct Answer: temporary feeling of anxiety elicited by a threatening situation
Trait Anxiety - Correct Answer: anxiety based personality disposition that is stable over time
Transtheoretical Model of Change - Correct Answer: 1. Precontemplation - Unaware/uninformed, "No"
2. Contemplation - Weighing pros & cons, "maybe"
(Advantages must outweigh temptation to abandon Bx change)
6. Termination - Self-efficacy, no temptation to relapse "Done"
Solution-Based Brief Therapy - Correct Answer: Consultants act as facilitators to guide clients away from
problem talk to solution talk—moving into a solution-oriented conversation.
Create solutions and revise their life stories in a positive, timely, and efficient fashion. Little attention is
given to the client's background or to diagnosis.
The miracle question opens the door to the client's possibilities for therapy. It does this by simply asking
them to consider what an alternate reality might look like - one in which things are different, better, and
problems are resolved.
cognitive behavioral therapy - Correct Answer: Structured, time-limited, problem-focused, and goal-
oriented form of talk therapy that helps clients learn to identify, question, and change how their
thoughts, attitudes, and beliefs relate to emotional and behavioral reactions that cause them difficulty.
Relaxation training (including progressive muscle relaxation, meditation, and breathing retraining)
Exposure therapy (imaginal or in vivo exposure, including flooding and implosive therapy)
Behavior rehearsal (behavioral training in social skills, habit reversal, or problem solving)
Cognitive restructuring (including direct strategies to identify and alter maladaptive thought processes)
Operant procedures (manipulation of reinforcers or punishers, including behavioral activation)
rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) - Correct Answer: cognitive-behavioral therapy in which
clients are directly challenged in their irrational beliefs and helped to restructure their thinking into
more rational belief statements
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