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Praxis 5266 (PLT, K-6) Exam Questions and Answers
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Praxis 5266 (PLT, K-6) Exam Questions and Answers
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Praxis 5266 (PLT, K-6) Exam Questionsand Answers
Albert Bandura - Answers -Developed the social/ observational theory of learning
He believed that children learn by observing the people around them
Learning doesn't change behavior
Individuals & environment mutually influence each other
Jerome Bruner - Answers -Learning: means inventing or creating ideas/ actions
The goal is to create autonomous learners
Believed that people learn from past experiences
John Dewey - Answers -Believed that students learn through experience and by doing
He believed in democratic classrooms and teaching relevant curriculum
Teachers should teach students how "to live"
Child centered view
Erik Erikson - Answers -Psychosocial
developed the 8 stages of human development
1. Infancy (0-1) trust vs. mistrust
2. Toddlers (2-3) autonomy vs. shame/ doubt
3. Preschool (3-5) initiative vs. guilt
4. School aged (6-11) competence vs. inferiority
5. Adolescence (12-18) identity vs. role confusion
6. Young adult (19-40) intimacy vs. isolation
7. Middle adult (41-65) generatively vs. stagnation
8. Late adult (66-death) integrity vs. despair
Carol Gilligan - Answers -Developed a different version of the moral development theory
but for women
, 1. Pre-conventional
2. Conventional
3. Post- conventional
*the transitions between the stages are fueled by changes in the sense of self rather
than in changes in cognitive capability
Lawrence Kohlberg - Answers -Developed the moral development theory
1. Pre-conventional (usually in children)
- obedience and punishment orientation
- self-interest orientation
2. Conventional (usually in adolescences- adults)
- interpersonal accord and conformity
-authority and social order orientation
3. Post- conventional
- social construct orientation
- universal ethical principles
Abraham Maslow - Answers -Developed the hierarchy of needs
1. Physiological needs: air, food, water, sleep, sex
2. Safety
3. Love and belongingness
4. Esteem
5. Self- actualization (peace)
Jean Piget - Answers -Developed the stages of cognitive development
*children construct their own learning through their environment (little scientists)
1. Sensorimotor (0-1) explores the world through senses and motor skills
2. Pre-operational (2-7) others view the world as they do
3. Concrete operational (7-11) can reason with familiar situations
4. Formal Operational (11 and up) can reason with hypothetical situations
Skinner - Answers -behaviorist
Believed that learning is viewed as a process of accessing and changing associations
between a stimuli and a response
*when someone is rewarded for good behavior, they will most likely continue that
behavior
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